油田污水水处理技术及设备概述

Overview of Oilfield Wastewater Treatment Technology and Equipments

随着油田开采进入中后期,含水率逐渐升高,为了维持产能需要将采出水处理后进行回注,回注操作的主要目的在于将水中阻碍注水、易引起注水系统腐蚀结垢的油类、悬浮物等不利成分去除,最终得以满足回注条件并进行回注。根据不同的污水类别,产出及排放工序、装置等都有所不同,污水中含有的主要污染物也不一样,由于各个油田采油废水的理化性质差异较大,所要求的注水水质量标准不同,各个油田采油废水的处理工艺也有较大差异。但是从实际生产中总结得出,大部分都采用三段式处理工艺,即除油、混凝沉淀(或气浮)、过滤。目前,各种先进、成熟的污水处理技术逐渐引进、应用于现场生产,初步形成了几大类比较成熟的污水处理技术。总结概括了各类油田污水处理技术及设备,凝练各类技术的优缺点及适应范围,为现场工程应用提供重要理论支撑,具有较强的工程实践指导意义。

As oilfield development enters the middle and late stages,the oilfield water cut gradually increases.In order to maintain productivity,it is necessary to treat the produced water and reinject it,the main purpose of the reinjection operation is to remove the oil,suspended solids and other unfavorable components in the water that hinder water injection and easily cause corrosion and scaling of the water injection system,and finally meet the reinjection conditions and carry out reinjection.According to different sewage types,the output and discharge processes and devices are different,and the main pollutants contained in the sewage are also different.Due to the large differences in the physical and chemical properties of the oil production wastewater from each oilfield,the required quality standards for the water injection water are different.,the treatment process of oil production wastewater in each oilfield is also quite different.However,it is concluded from the actual production that most of them adopt a three-stage treatment process,that is,oil removal,coagulation sedimentation(or air flotation),and filtration.At present,various advanced and mature sewage treatment technologies have been gradually introduced and applied to on-site production,and several major categories of relatively mature sewage treatment technologies have been initially formed.In this paper,various oilfield sewage treatment technologies and equipments were summarized,the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies and their applicable scope were discussed,providing important theoretical support for field engineering applications,and having strong guiding significance for engineering practice.