西田哲学的东西方文化观及日本文化论

Kitaro Nishida’s Views about Western and Eastern Cultures and His Theory of Japanese Culture

西田几多郎从“东洋的无”出发建构哲学体系,他把核心概念“纯粹经验”和“场所”界定为主客统一、身心一如的“绝对的无”,并作为唯一的实在,又把“绝对矛盾的自己同一的自己限定”作为其“场所的逻辑”,在此基础上阐述了他的东洋(东方)观及日本文化论,认为东西方文化的根本差异在于究竟是把“有”作为实在还是把“无”作为实在。而作为东洋文化的日本文化贯彻了东洋的“绝对无”,在“行为的直观”中不断改变又保持统一,其鲜明表现就是“情”的艺术的文化。将东西方文化观及日本文化论予以哲学化的表述,是西田对于日本的东方学思想史的独特贡献。

Kitaro Nishida starts his philosophical system with the concept of "Nothingness" in Eastern philosophy.He defines his core concepts of "Pure experience" and "Place" as "Absolute Nothingness" of the unity of subject and object and the harmony of body and mind,and regards that as the only reality.This leads him to describe "Absolutely contradictory selfidentity’s self-limitation" as his "Logic of place".On this basis,he expounds his views about Eastern and Western cultures and his theory of Japanese culture,maintaining that the fundamental difference lies in whether to regard "Being" as reality or "Nothingness" as reality.Japanese culture,as an Eastern culture,represents the Eastern concept of "Absolute Nothingness" and keeps changing and maintaining unity in the "Behavioral intuition" with "Feeling" as its distinct feature.Nishida’s unique contribution to the history of Japanese thought is his philosophical expression of views about Western and Eastern cultures and his theory of Japanese culture.