三生空间视角下新疆维吾尔自治区景观生态安全评价

Landscape ecological security evaluation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from the perspective of production-life-ecological space

探讨新疆维吾尔自治区干旱区景观生态安全格局变化规律与时空分异,基于三生空间视角,以土地利用数据变更库为数据来源,选取景观格局指数构建景观生态安全评价模型,并采用空间统计学分析方法对近40年来研究区景观生态安全时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明,新疆景观类型以牧草生态空间和其他生态空间为主导,两者共占总面积的89%左右。生产空间不断增加,生态空间不断减小,生活空间变化幅度不明显。研究区生态安全与较安全区主要分布在绿洲农业区,不安全区与较不安全区主要分布在塔克拉玛干沙漠、吐鲁番盆地沙漠与古尔班通古特沙漠腹地,基本安全区、安全区与较安全区逐渐缩小,不安全区、较不安全区逐年扩大,研究区生态安全呈恶化趋势。研究期间研究区景观生态安全在空间上存在正相关关系,空间分布具有集聚特征,全局空间自相关水平呈显著上升趋势,局部空间自相关存在显著的高-高值区、低-低值区聚集现象。因此,为了新疆维吾尔自治区未来的生态建设和可持续发展,需着重优化布局各类土地利用类型,控制城镇生活用地的有序扩张,提高生态用地的稳定性和抗干扰性,促进三生空间生态安全的协调发展。

The change rule and spatial-temporal differentiation of landscape ecological security pattern in arid areas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were discussed.Based on the spatial perspective of production-life-ecological space,taking the land use data change database as the data source,the landscape pattern index was selected to build the landscape ecological security evaluation model,and the spatial statistical analysis method was used to analyze the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of landscape ecological security in the study area in recent 40 years.The results showed that the grassland ecological space and other ecological space were dominant landscape types in Xinjiang,accounting for about 89%of the total area.The production space was increasing,the ecological space was decreasing,and the change range of living space was not obvious.The ecological security and relatively safe areas in the study area were mainly distributed in the oasis agricultural area,and the unsafe and relatively unsafe areas were mainly distributed in the hinterland of Taklimakan desert,Turpan basin desert and Gurbantonggut desert.The basic safe area,safe area and relatively safe area were gradually shrinking,while the unsafe area and relatively unsafe area were expanding year by year,and the ecological security in the study area was deteriorating.During the study period,the landscape ecological security in the study area had a positive correlation in space,and the spatial distribution had the characteristics of agglomeration.The overall spatial autocorrelation level showed a significant upward trend,and high-high and low-low clustering phenomena existed in local spatial autocorrelation.Therefore,for the future ecological construction and sustainable development of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,it is necessary to optimize the layout of various types of land use,control the orderly expansion of urban living land,improve the stability and anti-inter⁃ference of ecological land,and promote the coordinated development of ecological security of production-life-ecological space.