单羧酸转运蛋白(MCT)的功能调控及生理特性研究

Functional regulation and physiological characteristics of monocarboxylic acid transporter(MCT)

单羧酸盐转运蛋白(MCT)属于溶质载体(SLC)转运蛋白家族,该家族由14个成员组成,依次命名为MCT1~14。MCT家族蛋白都由12个跨膜结构域组成,但各亚型间具有组织分布特异性和底物差异性,它们也参与多种生理和病理过程。MCT蛋白在恶性肿瘤与癌症细胞中高度表达,其转运活性需要其他辅助蛋白进行调控,如跨膜糖蛋白、碳酸酐酶、透明质酸受体、乳酸脱氢酶等,从而促进肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移。MCT蛋白已被作为肿瘤治疗的潜在靶点,目前利用MCT的抑制剂进行肿瘤治疗方面已经取得了一些进展。主要对MCT的功能调控及其在肿瘤中的生理特性进行总结,为以MCT为靶点的抑制剂及药物的发现提供参考。

Monocarboxylate transporters(MCTs)belong to the solute carrier(SLC)transporter family,which consists of 14 members,sequentially named MCT1~14.MCT family proteins are all composed of 12 transmembrane domains,but each subtype has tissue distri⁃bution specificity and substrate differences,and they are also involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes.MCT protein is highly expressed in malignant tumors and cancer cells,and its transport activity needs to be regulated by other auxiliary pro⁃teins,such as transmembrane glycoprotein,carbonic anhydrase,hyaluronic acid receptor,lactate dehydrogenase,etc.,thereby pro⁃moting tumor cell invasion and transfer.MCT proteins have been used as potential targets for tumor therapy and some progress has been made in tumor therapy using MCT inhibitors.This paper mainly summarizes the functional regulation of MCT and its physiologi⁃cal characteristics in tumors,and provides a reference for the discovery of MCT-targeted inhibitors and drugs.