中国乡村宜居宜业水平评价体系及测度研究

Evaluation of rural livable and employable level in China

宜居宜业是新时期乡村发展的美好蓝图,也是中国现代化乡村发展的新形态。本研究构建了包含4个维度、31项指标的中国乡村宜居宜业水平评价指标体系,对全国及各省、自治区、直辖市乡村宜居宜业水平的评价结果表明:2010-2019年间中国乡村宜居宜业水平显著提高,乡村宜居宜业指数从0.1757增长至0.7736;从居住条件、生活环境、乡村产业、收入与就业四个维度看,中国乡村宜居宜业各维度出现明显分异变化,指数从高到低的顺序由2010年的收入与就业>生活环境>乡村产业>居住条件,转变为2019年的居住条件>收入与就业>乡村产业>生活环境;2019年中国省级层面乡村宜居宜业水平差异较大,存在地区非均衡特征,东部地区乡村宜居宜业水平普遍较高,西部和东北地区偏低。新发展阶段应坚持以人为本,巩固提升人居环境整治建设成果,积极推进特色村庄建设,优化乡村就业创业环境,促进乡村从美丽宜居向宜居与宜业并重转变。

Making rural areas suitable to live and work in represents the bright blueprint of rural development in the new era as well as the new form of modernization of the agricultural sector.To achieve the aim,it is fundamental to be farmer-oriented and to build rural areas into a place where farmers enjoy comfort and convenience and a beautiful home that farmers are able to keep their jobs.This report proposes a comprehensive evaluation system,including 4 dimensions and 31 indicators,to assess the level of rural areas suitable to live and work in.According to the evaluation results of provinces,autonomous regions and municipali⁃ties across the country,it can be concluded that:1)The years from 2010 to 2019 witnessed a steady rise in the level 2)Four di⁃mensions,including the comfort of living,the convenience of life,the vitality of the rural industrial system and growth,and the income level and job conditions,showed remarkable differentiation.3)Large development gaps can be seen in different provinc⁃es,autonomous regions and municipalities across the country,with the eastern region being the higher and the western and north⁃east regions being the lower.In this regard,making rural areas suitable to live and work in shall tailor measures to suit local condi⁃tions by introducing different policies for different regions.While adhering to the concept of being farmer-oriented,both“top-down”and“bottom-up”measures shall be adopted to make rural areas suitable to live and work in.In the new stage of develop⁃ment,adhering to the concept of being farmer-oriented,consolidating and improving the achievements of rural living environment improvement and construction,promoting the construction of characteristic villages,as well as optimizing the rural employment and entrepreneurial environment,shall be adopted to make rural areas suitable to live and work in.