菌群培养组学及其在皮肤病研究中的应用进展

Advances in microbiota culturomics and its application in dermatological research

皮肤菌群在维持皮肤稳态中发挥重要作用并参与多种皮肤疾病的发生发展。既往研究主要通过高通量测序技术揭示人体皮肤菌群的组成和特征,但这一技术存在偏倚和局限,且难以深入开展单个菌株的功能研究。培养组学通过高通量培养技术分离菌株,结合质谱技术和16S rRNA测序鉴定菌种,进而深入分析菌株功能,可以挖掘生理状态下皮肤菌群多样性,同时推动疾病状态下皮肤共生细菌物种和菌株水平的研究。健康人皮肤菌群培养组学增加了可培养的皮肤细菌数量,并揭示了皮肤菌群碳源利用模式的多样性和皮肤菌群的个体特异性。培养组学可以动态观察皮肤病治疗过程中皮肤菌群的变化,揭示维持皮肤菌群多样性对皮肤稳态的重要意义,并筛选得到在银屑病、皮肤慢性创伤等皮肤病治疗中有益的特定菌株。随着培养组学方法的完善及多组学联合运用的发展,菌群培养组学将成为皮肤病学研究不可或缺的重要方法。

The skin microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining skin homeostasis and participates in the occurrence and development of many skin diseases.Previous studies have mainly revealed the composition and characteristics of the human skin microbiome through high-throughput sequencing.However,this technique has biases and limitations;it is difficult to conduct further studies on the function of specific individual strains.Culturomics can isolate isolates by high-throughput bacteria culture and identify isolates by mass spectrometry technology and 16S rRNA sequencing,and then further analyze the function of the isolated strains,which can explore the diversity of skin microbiota in healthy people and catalyze research on species and strain levels of skin commensal bacteria under disease conditions.The culturomics of the skin microbiota in healthy people increases the number of culturable skin bacteria and reveals the diversity of skin microbiota carbon source utilization patterns and individual specificity of skin microbiota.Culturomics can dynamically observe changes of the skin microbiota during the treatment of skin diseases,reveal the importance of maintaining the diversity of skin microbiota to skin homeostasis,and select specific strains beneficial in the treatment of psoriasis,chronic skin trauma,and other skin diseases.With the continuous improvement of culturomics methods and the development of multi-omics combined application,bacterial culturomics will become an indispensable method in dermatological research.