强台风环境下校园封闭式建筑群风场模拟研究

Simulation of wind field of closed campus building blocks under strong typhoon environment

强台风天气对校园安全造成潜在的重大影响。针对高密度中心城区校园建筑相对封闭的特点,以上海某高校校园建筑群为对象,采用三维数值模拟技术对强台风环境下的建筑物风场进行了研究。与微风条件(平均风速4.5 m/s)下的现场风速测量结果对比表明,模拟值与实测值的平均相对误差为10%左右。通过对强台风工况下的风场进行模拟,揭示了不同空间位置的压强效应。研究表明:(1)风场受建筑物相对位置和高度双重影响,产生狭管效应和拐角效应;(2)随着风速增大,迎风面最大压强呈指数形式增加,风速从2 m/s增加至30 m/s时最大压强上升200倍左右;(3)建筑背面多为负压区,最小风压易出现在楼栋靠近迎风面的侧面和顶面处,部分背风区域产生涡旋现象。

Strong typhoon has a potentially significant impact on campus safety.Aiming at the relatively closed campus buildings in high-density central urban area,the wind field of buildings under strong typhoon environment is studied by three-dimensional numerical simulation technique.The average relative error between the simulated value and the measured value is about 10%compared with the measured value under the site condition of light wind(average wind speed 4.5 m/s).Through the simulation of the wind field under the condition of strong typhoon,the pressure effect of different space position is revealed.The results show that:(1)the wind field is influenced by both the relative position and the height of buildings,resulting in the narrow pipe effect and the corner effect;(2)With the increase of wind speed,the maximum pressure on the windward side increases exponentially,and the maximum pressure rises about 200 times when the wind speed increases from 2m/s to 30m/s.(3)the back face of the building is mostly negative pressure area,and the minimum wind pressure tends to appear on the side and the top of the building near the windward side.There are some eddies in some leeward areas.