品种及收获时间对青贮玉米营养组成的影响

Effects of silage maize varieties and harvest time on silage nutritional composition

为明确河西地区适合种植的青贮玉米(Zea mays)品种及收获时间,本研究选择了23个品种在民勤县种植,播种后的107、112、125、130及135 d采集青贮玉米全株样品,研究不同品种玉米植株乳熟期和蜡熟期的营养动态。结果表明:在生长120 d时测定23个玉米品种产量,有14个品种的青贮玉米全株产量高于57000 kg·hm^(-2),居前3位的品种分别为J27、J10和J67,产量分别为73892.58、72336.95和72336.95 kg·hm^(-2);青贮玉米品种及刈割时间均显著影响干质量、粗蛋白含量、中性洗涤纤维含量、酸性洗涤纤维含量和淀粉的动态营养组成(P<0.05);各品种干物质和淀粉含量随着收获时间延长显著增加(P<0.05)。综合产量、干物质及淀粉含量,推荐在民勤县种植J27、J10和J67,适宜收获时间分别在播种后125、130和130 d。

To determine the suitable silage maize varieties and harvest time in the Hexi area,23 silage maize varieties were planted in Minqin County.The whole plant samples of silage maize were collected at 107,112,125,130,and 135 days after sowing to study the nutritional dynamics of different maize varieties at the milk ripening and wax ripening stages.The results showed that the yield difference of the 23 maize varieties was significant at 120 days.The whole plant yields of silage maize of 14 varieties were higher than 57000 kg·ha^(-1).The top three varieties were J27,J10,and J67 with yields of 73892.58,72336.95,and 72336.95 kg·ha^(-1),respectively.Silage maize varieties and cutting time significantly affected the dynamic nutritional composition of dry matter(DM),crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),and starch(P<0.05).The amounts of dry matter and starch in all varieties increased significantly with the extension of harvest time(P<0.05).Based on the comprehensive yield,and dry matter and starch levels,planting J27,J10,and J67 is recommended in Minqin County and the suitable harvest times are 125,130,and 130 days after sowing,respectively.