功能性氨基酸对猪胎盘血管生成及繁殖性能影响的研究进展

Research Progress of Effects of Functional Amino Acids on Placental Angiogenesis and Reproductive Performance of Sows

胎盘是介于胎儿与母体间的唯一连接器官,对胎猪发育和存活至关重要。妊娠期间胎猪所需的营养物质几乎均要经胎盘循环系统从母体获得,故胎盘血管管脉系统的正常网络化发育是母猪和仔猪之间营养传输的必要前提。胎盘血管发生和血管生成缺乏或受阻会导致养分运输滞后,易引发宫内发育迟缓现象。功能性氨基酸是指不仅可作为蛋白质合成原料,还可通过调节机体的关键代谢通路以影响动物的生长发育、繁殖和免疫等诸多生理活动的氨基酸。已有研究报道功能性氨基酸可作为生物活性分子激活血管生成相关信号通路,促进胎盘血管网络化的形成。本文综述了胎盘血管生成对胎猪发育的影响及其关键调控因子,并且归纳总结了关键信号通路介导功能性氨基酸调控猪胎盘血管生成及繁殖性能的研究进展,旨在为靶向促进胎盘血管发育的功能性氨基酸在母猪生产中的开发利用提供参考。

The placenta is the only organ connecting between fetus and mother,it is very important for the development and survival of fetal pigs.Almost all the nutrients needed by fetal pigs during pregnancy are obtained from the mother through the placental circulatory system,therefore,the normal network development of placental vascular system to support nutrient transmission is very important for the development of fetal pigs.The lack or obstruction of placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis will lead to delayed nutrient transport,which can easily cause intrauterine growth retardation.Functional amino acids are those that can not only be used as raw materials for protein synthesis,but also effect the growth,propagation,immunity and many other physiological activities of humans and animals by mediating the key metabolic pathways of the body.It has been reported that functional amino acids can be used as bioactive molecules to activate the signal pathways related to angiogenesis in accelerating the formation of placental vascular network.In this review,the effects of placental angiogenesis on the development of fetal pigs and its key regulatory factors are described,and the research progress of key signal pathways mediated by functional amino acids to regulate placental angiogenesis and reproductive performance of sows are summarized.All these will provide a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of functional amino acids which targeted to promote placental vascular development in sow production.