基于智能代理建模的城市公园空间活力评价研究

Research on the Vitality of Urban Park Space Based on Intelligent Agent-based Modeling

设计不当和地形利用不合理等原因可能导致城市公园建成后空间活力不足、使用效率低等问题,在公园设计阶段开展科学有效的空间活力评估具有重要意义。基于代理的建模(Agent-Based Modeling)相比于传统空间活力研究方法,具有从个体角度出发,自下而上形成整体人群使用偏好的功能,模拟结果可被用于评价公园空间活力。基于对游客行为规律、选择偏好和空间环境要素的拆解重构,在Unity平台中构建能够模拟并分析公园空间活力的仿真模型(Assigned Environment Agent-Based Model,AEABM)。该模型重点围绕活动强度、活动多样性、活动持续性三个层面的空间活力特征对公园的空间活力进行定量分析。以重庆中央公园为例,将模型模拟结果与实际调研结果进行校核,验证AEABM模拟结果的有效性。结果表明AEABM模拟结果与调研数据和初始化参数吻合,具有良好的模拟效果。模拟结果也显示重庆市中央公园在空间布局、休憩设施和使用功能设计方面存在不足,限制了公园的空间活力。

Improper design and unreasonable use of terrain may lead to problems such as insufficient space vitality and low use efficiency of urban parks after completion.Therefore,it is significant to carry out scientific and practical spatial vitality assessment in the park design stage.Thus,compared with the traditional spatial vitality research method,the agent-based model forms the overall population preference from the bottom up from the individual point of view,and the simulation results can be used to evaluate the spatial vitality of the park.Based on the disassembly and reconstruction of visitor behavior rules,selection preferences,and spatial environment elements,it built a simulation model(AEABM)in the Unity platform capable of simulating and analyzing the spatial vitality of parks.This model focuses on the quantitative analysis of the spatial dynamism of the park around the spatial vitality characteristics of activity intensity,activity diversity,and activity continuity.Finally,taking Chongqing Central Park as an example,the model simulation results and the actual research results are checked to verify the effectiveness of the AEABM model simulation results.The results show that the simulation results of the AEABM model are consistent with the survey data and initialization parameters and have an excellent simulation effect.However,the simulation results also show that Chongqing Central Park has shortcomings in spatial layout,leisure facilities,and functional design,which limits the spatial vitality of the park.