数据与信息概念二分之下商业数据的立法保护

On Legislative Protection of Commercial Data under the Premise of Distinction between Data and Information

以数字经济时代为背景,为商业数据提供专门私法保护成为当下数据立法的首要之义。在立法层面接纳技术领域对数据与信息概念二分的立场,区别于传统法律制度而在全新层面设计独立的商业数据保护制度,有助于消除传统研究对商业数据存在的误解。不同学者针对商业数据的立法模式给出了各异的方案,但基于对权利概念的澄清可以发现,争议的“权利法”与“行为法”模式并无本质差异;而出于对社会观念与立法成本的考虑,经由《反不正当竞争法》将商业数据纳入未上升为权利的法益体系,且在条文设计上遵循“对象类型化+行为一般化”的思路,在当下更具现实可行性。

Providing special protection of private law for commercial data has become the most important task of cur-rent data legislation in the era of digital economy.Under the premise of legislative acceptance of the technical distinc-tion between data and information,an independent commercial data protection system will be instituted from a new per-spective different from the traditional legal system,which will erase the misunderstanding of traditional research on commercial data.Different scholars have designed different schemes for the legislative mode of commercial data protec-tion,but based on the clarification of the"rights",there is no essential difference between the controversial modes"right law"and"behavior law".However,due to the consideration of social acceptability and implementation costs,it is more realistic and feasible to protect commercial data as legal interests that could not be ascended as rights in the Anti-unfair Competition Law and formulate legal provisions,to realize the typification of object and maintain the gen-eral provisions of behavior.