中国乡村治理:一个制度安排框架

Countryside Governance in China:A Framework for Institutional Arrangements

乡村是中国社会最基本的细胞,是国家治理的最小单元。乡村治理是实现国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的基础。治理是一个沉寂了几百年的古老名词,进入21世纪开始被各个学科广泛使用,成为学术热词。但是,如何理解它的内涵,学术界仍未达成共识。中国乡村数量庞大,地域分布辽阔。乡村治理仍然存在着许多困扰和亟待解决的难题,主要表现为:村民自治仍处于弱势地位,紧张的干群关系导致乡政村治互相扯皮,农地制度安排成为乡村治理的矛盾焦点,不发达的集体经济成为乡村治理的软肋。走向善治的乡村治理需要一个合适的制度安排框架,也就是说,乡村治理必须坚持以中国特色社会主义制度为基础,坚持以村民为中心的发展思想,坚持村民自治的主体性作用,坚持深化农地制度改革,坚持发展集体经济。

Village is the most basic cell of Chinese society and the smallest unit of state governance. Countryside governance is the basis for the modernization of the state governance system and governance capacity. There are a large number of villages in China and a vast geographical distribution. There are still many troubles and prob still in a weak position,the tense relationship between cadres and the masses leads to shirking responsibility be tween the township administration and village governance,the farmland institutional arrangement has become the contradictory focus of rural governance,and the underdeveloped collective economy has become the underbelly of rural governance. Therefore,the current countryside governance in China needs a suitable institutional arrange ment framework,that is,countryside governance must adhere to the socialist system with Chinese characteristics as the foundation,the villager-centered development philosophy,the main role of villagers ’ self-governance,deepening the farmland institutional reform,and developing the collective economy.