有机-无机液体复合肥功能菌筛选及对设施番茄品质、生理活性的影响

Screening of Functional Bacteria of Organic-Inorganic Liquid Compound Fertilizers and Its Effect on the Quality and Physiological Activity of Greenhouse Tomato

【目的】筛选在有机-无机液体复合肥高渗环境下稳定性好的不同功能性微生物,分析不同浓度菌液与有机-无机复合肥配施后,对番茄果实品质和生理活性的影响,为基于生物有机-无机复合肥的番茄有机种植和提质保鲜提供理论依据。【方法】将不同功能芽孢杆菌以芽孢形式分别接入等量有机-无机液体复合肥摇瓶,室温保存,采用平板计数法定期检测菌落总数,筛选出耐受性好、稳定性高的菌株,将此菌株按不同浓度比例制备生物有机-无机液体复合肥。在番茄两穗时期开始,每隔10 d分别施用生物有机-无机液体复合肥与常规肥料,49 d后检测番茄果实品质与生理活性的差异。【结果】贝莱斯芽孢杆菌LYT-5(Bacillus velezensis LYT-5)在有机-无机液体复合肥中稳定性最强,在高渗环境下具有较强的抗逆性,可有效与有机-无机液体复合肥复配。与对照(常规肥料,300 kg/hm^(2))相比,T_(3)(有机-无机液体复合肥,300 kg/hm^(2)+菌液,15 L/hm^(2))处理后番茄果实品质综合提升最高,49 d后番茄单果均重增加15%,果形指数增大13%,可溶性多糖含量显著提高43%,糖酸比增大13%,可溶性蛋白增加6%,适宜短期内食用和加工等;且有机-无机液体复合肥功能菌处理49 d后,番茄果实苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性最高增加220%,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性最高增加21%,有效提高了番茄果实抗逆性与耐储能力。【结论】筛选出一株可在有机-无机液体复合肥中稳定存在且活性较高的功能菌株,且浓度在T_(3)(有机-无机液体复合肥,300 kg/hm^(2)+菌液,15 L/hm^(2))时施用后能明显提高番茄果实产量和品质,减少摘后损失。

【Objective】This experiment aims to explore whether microorganisms with different functions can stably exist in an organic-inorganic liquid compound fertilizers under a hypertonic environment,and the effects of different concentrations of bacterial liquid and organic-inorganic compound fertilizers on the quality and physiological activity of tomato fruit influence in the hope of providing theoretical data for organic tomato planting and quality improvement and preservation based on bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilizers.【Methods】Bacillus with different functions were connected to the same amount of organic-inorganic liquid compound fertilizers shake flasks in the form of spores,and stored at room temperature.The total number of colonies was regularly detected by the plate counting method,and the strains with good tolerance and high stability were screened out.Then this strain was used to prepare biological organic-inorganic liquid compound fertilizers in different concentration ratios.Starting from the two-ear period of tomato,bio-organic-inorganic liquid compound fertilizers and conventional fertilizers were applied every 10 days.After 49 days,the difference in tomato fruit quality and physiological activity was detected.【Results】Bacillus velezensis LYT-5 had the strongest stability among organic-inorganic liquid compound fertilizers,and strong resistance to stress in a hypertonic environment,and could be effectively compounded with organic-inorganic liquid compound fertilizers.Compared with the control(conventional fertilizers,300 kg/hm^(2)):T_(3)(organic-inorganic liquid compound fertilizers,300 kg/hm^(2)+bacterial solution,15 L/hm^(2))had the highest comprehensive improvement in fruit quality after 49 days.The average weight of single tomato fruits increased by 15%,fruit shape index increased by 13%,soluble polysaccharide content increased significantly by 43%,sugar-acid ratio increased by 13%,soluble protein increased by 6%,which were suitable for short-term consumption and processing,etc.;and organic-inorganic after 49 days of treatment with functional bacteria of liquid compound fertilizers,tomato fruit onphenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity increased by up to 220%,and ascorbate peroxidase activity increased by up to 21%,which effectively improved the stress resistance and storage capacity of tomato fruits.【Conclusion】A functional strain that can stably exist in organic-inorganic liquid compound fertilizers and that has higher activity is screened out,and the concentration is T3(organic-inorganic liquid compound fertilizers,300 kg/hm^(2)+bacterial solution,15 L/hm^(2)).It can obviously increase the yield and quality of tomato fruit after being applied at the same time,and reduce the loss after picking,which provides basic theoretical data for the research and application of biological organic-inorganic liquid compound fertilizers.