生物有机肥对杨梅衰弱病树势恢复与果实品质的影响

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizers on Rejuvenation of Decline Diseased Bayberry and Fruit Quality

【目的】探明生物有机肥不同施用量对杨梅衰弱病树势恢复的效果,为杨梅衰弱病的防控提供科学依据。【方法】以‘荸荠种’杨梅为试材,株施1 kg常规复合肥为对照(CK),研究羊粪、蚯蚓粪和鸡粪3种生物有机肥株施5 kg、10 kg和20 kg对杨梅衰弱病树势和果实品质的影响。【结果】不同处理‘荸荠种’杨梅叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值)及光合速率分别为45.59~51.55和2.65~3.86 mg CO_(2)/100cm^(2),3种生物有机肥不同施用量处理较CK分别提高2.65%~13.07%和6.04%~45.66%;梢长及梢粗分别为74.52~96.76 mm和3.27~3.84 mm,3种生物有机肥不同施用量处理较CK分别提高6.25%~29.84%和3.98%~17.43%;叶长、叶宽和叶厚分别为64.17~79.54 mm、16.88~22.18 mm和2.80~3.35 mm,3种生物有机肥不同施用量处理较CK分别提高8.54%~23.95%、13.69%~31.40%和5.00%~19.64%;单果重和可溶性固形物含量分别为15.48~17.52 g和10.98%~11.94%,3种生物有机肥不同施用量处理较CK分别提高5.23%~13.18%和0.18%~7.50%(株施鸡粪生物有机肥5 kg除外);3种生物有机肥株施20 kg和10 kg的肥效明显优于5 kg。【结论】生物有机肥可促进‘荸荠种’杨梅衰弱病树势的恢复,效果优于常规复合肥,以株施生物有机肥10 kg以上效果较好,建议不同年份轮换施用不同生物有机肥。

【Objective】In order to provide the scientific basis for the control and prevention of bayberry decline disease,the effects of bio-organic fertilizers application on the rejuvenation of decline diseased bayberry are explored.【Method】Myrica rubra‘Biqizhong’is used as tested material.The effects of three bio-organic fertilizers(sheep manure,earthworm cast and chicken manure)with different application levels(5 kg/plant,10 kg/plant and 20 kg/plant)on the tree vigor of decline diseased bayberry and fruit quality are studied by applying 1 kg/plant conventional compound fertilizer as the control(CK).【Result】The leaf chlorophyll content(SPAD value)and photosynthetic rate of bayberry under different treatments are 45.59~51.55 and 2.65~3.86 mg CO_(2)/100 cm^(2) respectively,which are increased by 2.65%~13.07%and 6.04%~45.66%compared with those of CK.The shoot length and diameter are 74.52~96.76 mm and 3.27~3.84 mm separately,which are increased by 6.25%~29.84%and 3.98%~17.43%respectively compared with those of CK.The leaf length,leaf width and leaf thickness are 64.17~79.54 mm,16.88~22.18 mm and 2.80~3.35 mm,which are increased by 8.54%~23.95%,13.69%~31.40%and 5.00%~19.64%respectively compared with those of CK.The single fruit weight and soluble solid content are 15.48~17.52 g and 10.98%~11.94%,which are increased by 5.23%~13.18%and 0.18%~7.50%respectively(except applying 5 kg/plant chicken manure)compared with those of CK.The efficiency of applying three bio-organic fertilizers with 20 kg/plant and 10 kg/plant are better than those of 5 kg/plant significantly.【Conclusion】Bio-organic fertilizer can promote the rejuvenation of decline diseased bayberry,and the effect is better than the conventional compound fertilizer.Meanwhile,applying 10 kg/plant or more bio-organic fertilizer is better.It is suggested that bio-organic fertilizers are applied in different years.