辣木花部特征、花粉活力及柱头可授性分析

Research on Floral Characteristics,Pollen Viability and Stigma Receptivity of Moringa oleifera

对不同开放状态的辣木花器官性状进行观察测量,再采用离体萌发法检测花粉活力,联苯胺—过氧化氢法检测柱头可授性。结果表明,辣木花瓣平均直径10.51 mm,随着花朵开放天数的增加,柱头逐渐伸长并高于花药,花瓣颜色逐渐加深。辣木花朵在开放第1天就有花粉活力和柱头可授性,花粉活力在开放第3天最强,柱头可授性在开放第4~5天最强,辣木花粉活力和柱头可授性强期没有重叠。对不同开放状态的辣木花的形态特征、花粉活力及柱头可授性强弱进行了测定分析,以期为探讨辣木繁育进化和生态适应机制提供科学依据,并为辣木杂交育种工作的开展提供参考。

In this paper,the traits of Moringa oleifera flowers in different opening states were observed and measured.Pollen viability was detected by germination in vitro,and stigma receptivity was measured by benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method.The results showed that the average petal diameter of Moringa oleifera was 10.51 mm.With the increase of flower opening days,the stigma gradually elongated and became higher than the anther,and the petal color gradually deepened.Moringa flowers had pollen vigor and stigma receptivity on the first day of opening.Pollen vigor was the strongest on the third day of opening,and the stigma receptivity was the strongest from the 4th to 5th day of opening.There was no overlap period between the strongest pollen viability and stigma of Moringa oleifera.Morphological characteristics,pollen vigor and stigma receptivity of Moringa oleifera flowers in different open states were determined and analyzed,in order to provide a basis for exploring the evolution and ecological adaptation mechanism of Moringa oleifera breeding system,and a reference for the development of Moringa oleifera hybrid breeding work.