中唐岭南谪臣与越南独立--基于《热河日记》文献的中国岭南历史认识

The Banished Officials in Lingnan in Middle Tang Dynasty and Vietnam’Independence from China:Views Based on the Description of China’Lingnan in The Diary in Rehe

《热河日记》是18世纪后期朝鲜王朝学者朴趾源的著名“燕行录”作品。首先,《热河日记》里的中国岭南乃“故谪居地”,中唐韩愈、柳宗元、刘禹锡被贬至岭南一事折射出朝政的腐败,更说明岭南未能被朝廷正确定位之事实,这为越南的动乱乃至其后的独立暨岭南地域版图的缩小埋下了伏笔;其次,越南本土文化的独特性,以五代动乱为契机而得以彰显,最终越南获得脱离中国之机;其三,自宋至清,越南以藩属国身份保持与中国的关系,而《热河日记》转述成书于康熙时期的《海外纪事》的越南书写,则表明作者对越南“别是一国”的认同。

The Diary in Rehe was written in the late 18th century by Park Ji-won,a scholar from Korea.Firstly,China’s Lingnan in The Diary in Rehe was the place that banished officials were primarily exiled to in Tang Dynasty,several famous literati such as Liu Yuxi,Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu were exiled to Lingnan in middle Tang Dynasty,which indicates the Tang government’s ignorance of the importance about Lingnan.Secondly,Vietnam grasped the opportunity to get development towards its independence from China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period,the cultural difference between China and Vietnam was mentioned in The Diary in Rehe.Thirdly,from Song to Qing Dynasties,Vietnam had close vassal relationship with China,The Diary in Rehe repeated the description about Vietnam according to The Overseas Chronicle that was written by Dashan,a famous monk in Guangdong in Kangxi period,which suggested that Park Ji-won recognized Vietnam as an independent nation.