诗中“诗”与日本五山诗僧的社交世界——五山前期汉诗转型的一种文本观察

“Poems”in Poetry and the Social World of Japanese Poet Monks from the Five Mountains: A Textual Observation of the Transformation of Chinese Poetry in the Early Stage of the Five Mountains

日本五山前期汉诗既承续了平安时代的文学传统,又在创作环境及主体的转变下开创出五山汉诗之高峰,蕴含着转型的发生。五山诗僧对诗中“诗”的书写可作为观察这一转型的有效窗口,折射出三大维度的变化:一是由自我到他者的“诗人”形象塑造的转移;二是诗轴编纂风尚与诗禅互通思想下,关于诗歌的称赞、品评成为突出的社交话题;三是隔空对话时对“诗”之媒体角色的新书写。由此共同映现出诗僧间密切的社交往来,推动着中世汉诗创作向社会生活的渗透,而五山诗僧社交世界与“诗”世界的双向互动,又凝结着日本五山前期整个诗歌世界的开拓与转型。

While inheriting the literary tradition of the Heian Period, the Chinese poetry in the early stage of the Five Mountains in Japan created the peak of Chinese poetry of the Five Mountains under the changes of the creative environment and subject, which implied the occurrence of transformation. The writings of“poem”in poetry by the poet monks can be used as an effective approach to observing this transformation,signaling the changes of three dimensions. The first is the transfer in shaping the image of the“poet”from the self to the other. Another is that the praise and appreciation of poetry turns into the prominent social topic,which is guided by the thought of the connection between the poetry compilation fashion and the poetry Zen.The final one is the new writings of the media role of“poems”in the displacement dialogue. These changes collectively exhibit the intimately social contacts among the poet monks, which promote the penetration of Chinese poetry creation of that age into the social life. Moreover, the two-way interaction between the social world of poet monks of the Five Mountains and the world of“poems”also condenses the development and transformation of the entire poetry world in the early stage of the Five Mountains in Japan.