股东双重派生诉讼制度为何重要——由10份典型裁判说开去

Why Double Derivative Suit System of Shareholders is Important?——Based on Investigations of 10 Typical Cases

少数股东的保护是公司治理的核心制度安排。在以单一制企业为立法蓝本的公司法治中,股东派生诉讼制度可谓是保障少数股东对抗控制股东压制、防止公司管理层专断经营的“最后一道防线”。在企业集团化的背景下,囿于企业集团的复杂控制关系和层级股权结构的阻隔,单一层次的股东派生诉讼已为强弩之末,使得母公司股东在子公司利益受损而遭受间接损害时无法采取有效的救济措施。比较法可鉴的药方是设置由股东派生诉讼制度衍生而来的股东双重派生诉讼制度,但受制于我国立法、司法解释规范供给缺失,股东双重派生诉讼制度长期缺位,从实证研究中可以发现这已形成了较为明显的法律漏洞。从极个别的支持性司法裁判案例来看,引入股东双重派生诉讼制度势在必行。

The protection of minority shareholders is the core of corporate governance.In the legislation blueprint of corporate governance based on the unitary enterprises, derivative action system of shareholders is described as the “last line of defense” to safeguard the minority shareholders against the suppression of the controlling shareholders and to prevent the arbitrary management of the company. In the context that companies are becoming more collectivized, the single-level shareholders’ derivative action system which is subjected to the complicated control relationships and hierarchical equity structure of enterprise groups,is just like an arrow at the end of its flight. This system makes it impossible for the shareholders of a parent company to take effective relief measures when they suffer indirect damages due to damage to the interests of its subsidiaries.The effective method learned from the comparative law is to set up the double derivative action system of shareholders which is derived from single-level derivative action system. However,because of the lack of legislation and judicial explanation in our country, the double derivative action system of shareholders has been absent for a long time, which has caused obvious legal loopholes according to the empirical research. In conclusion, from a few supportive cases it is essential to introduce the double derivative action system of shareholders.