论民营化和民主化

A Comment on Privatization and Democratization

市场经济和民主机制的关系始终密不可分、相辅相成。从所有权理论的视角观察,民营化对于促进市场经济具有其正当性和必要性。应当根据产业的特性来划分国有和私有的界线,将公共利益作为某个领域是否推行民营化的判定标准。20世纪80年代开始,诸多发达国家和发展中国家推行民营化的经验和效果反映了国营和民营在成本和效益上的差别。必须强调的是,提升公共服务质量和维护公共利益是民营化成功的标识。作为一种私方主体参与政府职能的方式,民营化对民主的影响值得关注,以捷克等国的民营化进程透视,民营化是否对民主产生影响,以及产生何种影响,取决于该国的国情、政治体制和民众诉求等因素,因此,每个国家会给出不同的答案。

The relationship between market economy and democratic mechanism has always been inseparable and complementary. From the perspective of ownership theory, privatization has its legitimacy and necessity in promoting market economy. The boundary between state-owned and private ownership should be drawn according to the characteristics of industry, and public interests should be treated as the criterion for judging whether or not to carry out privatization in a certain field. Since the 1980s, the experiences and effects of privatization in many developed and developing countries have reflected the differences in costs and benefits between state and private operation. It must be emphasized that improving the quality of public service and protecting public interests are the symbols of successful privatization. As a way for private entities to participate in government functions, the impact of privatization on democracy is worthy of attention. From the point of view of the process of privatization in Czech Republic and other countries, whether privatization has an impact on democracy and what impact it has relies on the country’s national situation, political system, public demands and other factors. Thus, each country has different answers.