团地今昔——日本社会住宅发展研究

Danchi’s Present and Past:A Study on the Development of Japan’s Social Housing

二战后的日本面临着住宅短缺的困境,政府以提供保障性住宅为目的在日本兴起了大量建设团地住宅的风潮,解决了低收入流动人口居住困难的问题。本文选取以团地为代表的日本保障性社会住宅为研究对象,系统梳理二战后至今80年间,不同时期的保障性社会住宅营建机构与系列法律法规的更迭,进而对日本社会住宅户型设计的变化和设计目标的变化进行论述;进而,选取典型案例进行分析,结合UR都市机构的团地再生建设方针和城镇建设系统等综合发展举措,分析日本老旧社会性团地住宅现有弊端及其活化再生策略,总结日本社会住宅的发展经验。

After World WarⅡ,Japan was faced with a shortage of housing,and the government started to build a large number of Danchi in Japan for the purpose of providing indemnificatory housing and solving the housing difficulties of low-income people.This study takes Dan chi,the representative of Japan’s affordable indemnificatory social housing,as the research object,and systematically examines the changes in indemnificatory social housing construction institutions of different periods and a series of laws and regulations over the eighty years since World WarⅡ,and then discusses the changes in Japan’s social housing units and in their design goals.Furthermore,typical Japanese social housing cas es are selected for analysis in this study.Combined with the comprehensive development measures of the Urban Renaissance Agency’s Danchi regeneration construction policy and urban construction system,this study analyses the existing drawbacks of Japan’s old Danchi and its revitalisation and regeneration strategies,summarises the experience of developing indemnificatory social housing in Japan.