健康与屡配不孕西门塔尔牛发情周期不同阶段阴道细胞变化研究

Changes of vaginal cells at different stages of the estrus cycle in healthy and repeatedly infertile Simmental cattle

为了探究健康与屡配不孕西门塔尔牛发情周期不同阶段阴道细胞的变化规律,试验随机选取年龄3~5岁、体重为500~700 kg、生长发育正常、膘情适中、健康雌性西门塔尔牛80头及屡配不孕西门塔尔牛19头作为试验动物,肌肉注射氯前列醇钠注射液(3 mL/头),采集阴道内容物,涂片并进行吉姆萨染色,显微镜下观察健康与屡配不孕西门塔尔牛阴道上皮细胞的形态,计数不同类型细胞占比,并分析发情周期不同阶段细胞形态特点。结果表明:健康与屡配不孕西门塔尔牛阴道涂片中主要有有核上皮细胞、角化上皮细胞、白细胞和细胞碎片。健康与屡配不孕西门塔尔牛在发情前期有核上皮细胞占比最高,分别为48.79%和54.77%,显著高于其他细胞(P<0.05);在发情期角化细胞占比最高,分别为48.26%和41.62%,显著高于其他细胞(P<0.05);在发情后期白细胞占比最高,分别为48.11%和54.55%,显著高于其他细胞(P<0.05);在休情期也是白细胞占比最高,分别为42.43%和52.14%,显著高于其他细胞(P<0.05)。健康与屡配不孕西门塔尔牛间相比,发情周期不同阶段不同类型上皮细胞占比差异不显著(P>0.05)。阴道细胞形态变化特点与细胞占比特点相符。说明发情前期健康与屡配不孕西门塔尔牛有核上皮细胞占比最高,发情期角化上皮细胞占主导比例,发情后期和休情期白细胞占比最显著,可根据涂片中阴道细胞类型和各类细胞所占比例的变化特点区分健康与屡配不孕西门塔尔牛发情周期的不同阶段,从而确定最佳授精时间。

In order to explore the change rules of vaginal cells at different stages of estrous cycle in healthy and repeatedly infertile Simmental cattle, eighty female Simmental cattle and nineteen repeated infertility Simmental cattle were randomly selected as experimental animals according to their age of 3-5 years, body weight of 500-700 kg, normal growth and development, moderate fat, and health. Each cattle was intramuscularly injected with 3 mL Cloprostenol Sodium injection. The vaginal contents of Simmental cattle were collected, smears and giemsa staining were performed. The morphology of vaginal epithelial cells of healthy and repeated infertility Simmental cattle were observed by microscope, the proportion of different types of cells was counted, and the morphological characteristics of cells in different stages of estrous cycle were analyzed. The result showed that there were mainly nuclear epithelial cells, keratinized epithelial cells, leukocytes and cell fragments in the vaginal smears from healthy and repeated infertile Simmental cattle. In the proestrus, the proportion of nucleated epithelial cells in healthy and repeated infertile Simmental cattle was 48.79% and 54.77%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of other cells( P<0.05). The proportion of keratinocytes in the estrus was 48.26% and 41.62%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of other cells(P<0.05). The proportion of leukocytes in the late estrus was 48.11% and 54.55%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of other cells(P<0.05). The proportion of leukocytes in the diestrus was 42.43% and 52.14%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of other cells(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the proportion of different types of epithelial cells in different stages of estrus cycle between healthy and repeated infertile Simmental cattle(P>0.05). The morphological change characteristics of vaginal cells were consistent with the proportion characteristics of vaginal cells. The results indicated that the proportion of nucleated epithelial cells in the proestrus was the highest in healthy and infertile Simmental cattle;keratinized epithelial cells dominated in the estrus, and leukocytes were the most significant in the late estrus and the dioestrus. The different stages of estrous cycle of healthy and repeated infertile Simmental cattle can be distinguished according to the change characteristics of vaginal cell types and the proportion of various types of cells in the smear, so as to determine the optimal insemination time.