互助白牦牛与天祝白牦牛父系遗传差异分析

Comparative analysis of paternal genetic differences between Huzhu white yaks and Tianzhu white yaks

为探究青海省互助白牦牛与甘肃省天祝白牦牛间的父系遗传差异,试验使用5个Y-SNPs标记(SRY4、USP9Y、UTY19、AMELY3和OFD1Y10)和1个Y-STR标记(INRA189)对32头互助白牦牛和34头天祝白牦牛进行PCR扩增、测序和分型分析,使用BioEdit 7.2.5、Arlequin 3.11和Network 10.1等软件综合分析2个白牦牛品种(群体)的父系遗传多样性、群体结构、分化状况及遗传背景。结果表明:在2个白牦牛品种(群体)中共确定了5种Y染色体单倍型。其中,在互助白牦牛中共确定了4种Y染色体单倍型,即H1Y1、H10Y1、H11Y2和H12Y2;在天祝白牦牛中共确定了5种Y染色体单倍型,即H1Y1、H10Y1、H11Y2、H12Y2和H13Y2。互助白牦牛和天祝白牦牛Y染色体单倍型多样度分别为0.7500±0.0349和0.6881±0.0614。2个白牦牛品种(群体)间的固定分化指数值为0.0186,无显著遗传分化(P>0.05)。2个白牦牛品种(群体)均由Y1、Y2两个父系支系(单倍型组)组成,天祝白牦牛以Y1支系(单倍型组,59%)为主,互助白牦牛以Y2支系(单倍型组,56%)为主。说明天祝白牦牛和互助白牦牛都具有丰富的父系遗传多样性,但互助白牦牛的父系遗传多样性水平略高于天祝白牦牛;2个白牦牛品种(群体)间父系遗传分化程度很低;白牦牛有两个父系起源,天祝白牦牛和互助白牦牛均由Y1、Y2两个父系支系(单倍型组)组成,但二者分别以Y1、Y2为优势支系(单倍型组),父系遗传结构存在一定程度的差异。

To explore the paternal genetic differences between Huzhu white yaks in Qinghai Province and Tianzhu white yaks in Gansu Province, the genomic DNA from 32 Huzhu white yaks and 34 Tianzhu white yaks was amplified by PCR method, sequenced and genotyped by using five Y-SNPs(SRY4, USP9 Y, UTY19, AMELY3 and OFD1 Y10) and one Y-STR(INRA189) markers. The paternal genetic diversity, population structure, differentiation and genetic background of the two white yak breeds(populations) were comprehensively analyzed by using Bioedit 7.2.5, Arlequin 3.11, network 10.1 and other bioinformatics software. The results showed that five Y-haplotypes were identified totally in two white yak breeds(populations). Among them, four Y-haplotypes(H1 Y1, H10 Y1, H11 Y2 and H12 Y2) were identified in Huzhu white yaks and five Y-haplotypes(H1 Y1, H10 Y1, H11 Y2, H12 Y2 and H13 Y2) were detected in Tianzhu white yaks. The Y-haplotype diversities of Huzhu white yaks and Tianzhu white yaks were 0.750 0±0.034 9 and 0.688 1±0.061 4, respectively. The fixed differentiation index value of the two white yak breeds(populations) was 0.018 6(P>0.05), which showed no significant difference(P>0.05). Both white yak breeds(population) were composed of two paternal lineages(haplogroups) of Y1 and Y2. The Y1 lineage(haplogroup)(59%) was dominant in Tianzhu white yaks, while the Y2 lineage(haplogroup)(56%) was dominant in Huzhu white yaks. In conclusion, both Tianzhu white yaks and Huzhu white yaks had rich paternal genetic diversity, but the level of paternal genetic diversity in Huzhu white yaks was slightly higher than that in Tianzhu white yaks. The paternal genetic differentiation between two white yak breeds(populations) was small. White yaks had two paternal origins. Both Tianzhu white yaks and Huzhu White yaks were composed of two paternal lineages(haplogroup) of Y1 and Y2, but Y1 and Y2 were the dominant lineages(haplogroup), respectively, indicating that there were some differences in the paternal genetic structure.