再谈“人称代词_(单)+一个NP”的语法性质和语用功能

On the Property and Pragmatic Function of“Personal Pronoun+Yige NP”

“人称代词_(单)+一个NP”组合一直被认为是同位结构,而个指的“人称代词_(单)”与类指的“一个NP”并置组合后的指称性冲突使人们对组合整体指称性质的理解产生了困惑和分歧,对该组合的语用功能也存在诸多解释。本文提出“人称代词_(单)+一个NP”独立成为小句时是主谓结构,充当句子成分时为前正后偏的名词性短语。文章对“人称代词_(单)+一个NP”语用功能的产生过程和影响因素进行了系统阐释。通过NP表示的身份范畴,“人称代词_(单)+一个NP”赋予“人称代词_(单)”所指对象以NP所指对象的身份,构建基于NP所指身份属性的预期;而句子中VP描述的行为属性与这种行为属性预期之间存在契合和偏离,说话人基于不同的预期离合进行相应的言语施为,而说话人对行为主体行为属性的立场也影响其基于预期离合进行的言语施为。我们还基于本文提出的“人称代词_(单)+一个NP”语用功能的产生过程和影响因素,对CCL语料库中506个例句的语用功能进行了统计分析,揭示了“人称代词_(单)+一个NP”言语施为的全貌。

The combination of singular personal pronoun and“Yige(one)NP”has always been considered as an apposition structure,and the referential conflict between individual/generic denoting of its two components has led to confusion and divergence of people’s understanding of the referential nature of the combination as a whole.There are also many explanations for the pragmatic functions of the combination.This paper proposes that the“personal pronoun+Yige NP”is a subject-predicate structure when it is a stand-alone clause,and that it is a center-modifier noun construction when it is a sentence component.The two interpretations of the structure of a noun phrase basically do not affect the understanding of the linguistic function of the combination.This paper provides a systematic explanation of the process and factors influencing the pragmatic function of“personal pronoun+Yige NP”.The behavioral attributes described by VP in the sentence have various fits and deviations between the expectation and these behavioral attributes,and the speaker performs corresponding speech acts based on different fits and deviations,while the speaker’s stance on the behavioral attributes of the subject also affects the speech acts based on the fits and deviations.The paper also conducts a statistical analysis of the linguistic functions of 506 sample sentences in the CCL corpus based on the production process and influencing factors of the pragmatic function of combination of“personal pronoun+Yige NP”proposed in this paper,revealing the complete picture of the pragmatic function of“personal pronoun+Yige NP”.