免耕技术采纳对农地转入户家庭收入结构的影响——基于陕西、甘肃、宁夏的微观实证

Impact of no-tillage technology adoption on family income structure of farmland transferee:Evidence from Shaanxi,Gansu,and Ningxia

免耕技术对干旱半干旱地区蓄水保墒、防治水蚀风蚀和增加作物产量具有重要意义。同时,土地流转背景下农地转入户成为新型农业技术采纳的主体。基于陕西、甘肃、宁夏793户农地转入户数据,运用倾向得分匹配法(PSM)实证分析免耕技术采纳对转入户家庭收入结构的影响。研究发现:1)劳动力数量、耕地面积、连片耕作程度、组织参与能够激励农地转入户采纳免耕技术。2)与传统耕作模式相比,免耕技术促使转入户非农收入占比提高8.7%,但其对农业收入占比的作用并不明显。3)受教育程度、耕地面积、同群效应对转入户农业收入占比具有正向促进作用。受教育程度、劳动力数量、信息获取渠道、关系网络对转入户非农收入占比具有正向显著影响。4)由于免耕技术采纳引致家庭非农收入占比提高,农地转入户间的家庭收入差距将会拉大。最后提出提高免耕补贴标准、保障农地租赁合同稳定性及延长农产品价值链的对策建议。

No-tillage technology is of great significance for storing water and moisture,preventing water and wind erosion,and increasing crop yields in arid and semi-arid regions.Meanwhile,under the background of land transfer,the farmland transferee has become the main body of new agricultural technology adoption.Based on the data of 793 farmland transferee households in Shaanxi,Gansu,and Ningxia,the propensity score matching method(PSM)is employed to empirically analyze the impact of the adoption of no-tillage technology on family income structure of farmland transferee.The conclusions are as follows:Number of labors,cultivated area,degree of continuous farming,and organization participation can encourage the transferee to adopt no-tillage technology.Compared with the traditional farming mode,no-tillage technology has increased the ratio of non-agricultural income to total household income by 8.7%,but the effect on the ratio of agricultural income to total household income is not obvious.Education level,cultivated area,and group effect exert a positive promotion on farmland transferees’ratio of agricultural income.Education level,number of labors,information acquisition channels,and relationship network have a positive incentive effect on the ratio of non-agricultural income.Due to the increase in households’ratio of non-agricultural income caused by the adoption of no-tillage technology,the household income gap among farmland transferees will be widen.Finally,the we propose some countermeasures and suggestions,such as increasing the no-tillage subsidy standards,ensuring the stability of farmland lease contracts,and extending the value chain of agricultural products.