济南四大泉群流量衰减过程及其指示意义

Flow attenuation process of four spring groups in Jinan and its indicative significance

四大泉群流量动态及影响因素的研究对济南市保泉供水具有重要的指示意义。基于四大泉群近60年的流量资料,采用数理统计、衰减分析等方法,探讨四大泉群流量变化特征及规律。结果表明受人工开采及泉水补给量减少影响,近60年来四大泉群流量总体呈衰减趋势,基于泉流量衰减的主控因素将衰减过程分解为低变异天然(1959-1967)、低变异补给减少(1968-1980)、高变异开采(1981-2002)、中变异混合(2003-2019)四种泉流量衰减模式;泉流量在枯水期持续衰减,衰减过程可分为三个亚动态,平均衰减系数分别为0.0036(0d≤t<22d)、0.0009(22d≤t<83d)、0.0017(83d≤t_(n)),趵突泉泉域岩溶含水介质具有多级次特征,垂向上具有分带性,2010-2018年平均647.32mm降水条件下岩溶水最高水位与最低水位之间的地下水储存量为22166.67万m^(3);维持枯水期泉水不断流的合理补源量为18.06万m^(3)/d。研究成果可为趵突泉泉域岩溶含水介质特征研究及济南市保泉供水提供定量化的科学依据。

The study on the flow rate dynamics of the four spring groups and influencing factors has important guiding significance for spring protection and rational development and utilization of water resources in Jinan.Based on the flow rate data of the four spring groups in recent 60 years,the flow rate variation characteristics and laws of the four spring groups were discussed by means of mathematical statistics and attenuation analysis.The results show that the flow rate of the four spring groups showed an overall attenuation trend in recent 60 years due to the influence of artificial exploitation and the decrease of spring water recharge.Based on the main controlling factors of spring flow rate attenuation,the attenuation process could be divided into four attenuation modes:low variation natural(1959-1967),low variation recharge reduction(1968-1980),high variation exploitation(1981-2002),and medium variation mixed(2003-2019).The spring discharge attenuated continuously during the dry season,and the attenuating process could be divided into three sub-dynamics,with the average attenuation coefficients of 0.0036(d0≤t<22 d),0.0009(d22≤t<83 d)and 0.0017(d83≤tn)respectively.The karst water bearing medium in Baotu Spring region has the characteristics of multi-order and zonality in vertical direction.The groundwater storage between the highest and lowest karst water levels was 221.6667 million m^(3) under the average precipitation of 647.32 mm from 2010 to 2018.The reasonable artificial recharge amount of spring water in dry season is 180,600 m^(3)/d.The research results can provide quantitative scientific basis for the study of karst aquifer medium characteristics in Baotu Spring area and spring water supply in Jinan.