日语汉字词汇的词性分类探究

Classification of Parts of Speech of Kanji Vocabularies in Japanese

日语中的汉字词汇形态变化规则不如和语词汇那样统一,因此,以句法功能作为首要标准,形态特征作为辅助标准判定词性符合其特点。本文结合语料库调查,重点探讨了名词、动词、形容词、副词的判定方法。名词的主要功能是做主语和宾语,动词的主要功能是做谓语,形容词的主要功能是做定语、状语和谓语,副词的主要功能是做状语,但是每一类词中都有句法功能不全的非典型词语,对于这些词语需要依据功能、形态和意义进行综合判断。

The rules of morphological change of Kanji in Japanese are not as unified as those of Wago vocabularies,so syntactic function is taken as the primary criterion,and morphological characteristics are used as auxiliary criteria to determine that the part of speech conforms to its characteristics.In conjunction with the corpus survey,this article focuses on the methods of determining nouns,verbs,adjectives,and adverbs.The main syntactic function of nouns is to be the subject and object.The main function of verbs is to be the predicate.The main function of adjectives is to be the attributive,adverbial and predicate.And the main function of adverbs is to be adverbial.However,there are atypical words with incomplete syntactic functions in each type of part of speech,which should be judged comprehensively according to their functions,forms and meanings.