玛纳斯河流域坡面融雪后土壤储水性分析

Spatial analysis on water storage capacity of slope soil after snow melting in Manas river basin

为研究新疆玛纳斯河流域坡地春季融雪后坡面土壤水分储存状况及其影响因素,文中选取玛纳斯河流域内一典型坡地进行观测,通过分析融雪前后不同坡面的土壤含水量,探讨坡地融雪前后不同土层深度土壤含水量的变化规律。研究结果表明:融雪前期,阴阳坡土壤含水率无明显差异;融雪中期,阳坡坡面的土壤含水率显著大于阴坡;融雪后期,坡面的土壤水分分布格局与融雪中期刚好相反,沿坡面由上到下土壤含水率依次增加。与阴坡相比,阳坡的积雪融化的更快,积雪所化的水分蒸发的也更快;融雪后山丘间阳坡的上坡位储水性最差,阴坡的储水性相比于阳坡较好;就阴坡来说,不同坡位的储水性无显著差异。积雪融化对80cm及以下的深层土壤含水率的影响很小。该研究成果以期为新疆北部坡面地区发挥水源涵养、土壤保持等生态功能提供理论依据。

In order to study the water storage of slope soil and its influencing factors after snow melting in spring in Manas river basin,Xinjiang,a typical slope was selected for observation.By analyzing the soil water content on different slopes before and after snow melting,the variation law of soil water contents in different soil depths before and after snow melting was discussed.The results showed that there was no significant difference in soil moisture content between shady and sunny slopes in the early stage of snow melting.In the middle stage of snowmelt,the soil moisture content of sunny slope was significantly higher than that of shady slope.In the later stage of snowmelt,the soil moisture distribution pattern on the slope was just opposite to that in the middle stage of snowmelt,and the soil moisture content increased from top to bottom along the slope.Compared with the shady slope,the snow on the sunny slope melted faster and the water evaporated faster.After snow melting,the water storage capacity in upper part of the sunny slope between hills was the worst,and the water storage capacity in shady slope was better than that of in sunny slope.As far as shady slope was concerned,there was no significant difference in water storage capacity among different slope positions.Snowmelt had little effect on the deep soil moisture content at 80 cm level and below.The research results are expected to provide a theoretical basis for water and soil conservation in the slope area of northern Xinjiang.