延安时期马克思主义史家的辛亥革命史书写与近代史体系构建

The Historical Writing of the Revolution of 1911 and the Construction of Modern History System by Marxist Historians During the Period of Yan’an

延安时期,马克思主义史家范文澜、胡绳等撰写的相关论著,运用唯物史观、新民主主义等理论,实事求是地书写辛亥革命史,在半殖民地半封建社会性质和从旧民主主义革命向新民主主义革命的转变中评论辛亥革命的成败,初步构建了马克思主义解释下的中国近代史体系中对辛亥革命论述的基础。他们将辛亥革命史的书写与延安时期抗日战争、解放战争等具体背景相结合,总结辛亥革命的经验教训,力图有效地维护中国共产党抗日民族统一战线的主张,以团结打败日本侵略者;有力地阐述了中国共产党才是辛亥革命事业的真正继承者和发展者,新民主主义革命理论是对孙中山新三民主主义的真正继承和发展;有力地揭露了蒋介石及国民党反动派的假三民主义、反共愚弄人民的本质,批驳了蒋廷黻等为国民党政权和蒋介石服务的错误史学观点。马克思主义史家的辛亥革命史书写,为中国共产党领导下的人民认清近代中国半殖民地半封建社会的性质、帝国主义及其在中国的代理人的本性和辛亥革命的未竟之业,认清革命的任务,起到了重要教育作用。

During the period of Yan’an,Marxist historians such as Fan Wenlan and Hu Sheng wrote many works.They applied historical materialism,new democracy and other theories,to the writing of the history of the Revolution of 1911,and commented on the success or failure of the revolution from the perspective of the nature of semicolonial and semifeudal society and the transformation from the old democratic revolution to the new democratic revolution.They preliminarily constructed the discussion basis of the Revolution of 1911 in the system of modern Chinese history under the interpretation of Marxism.They combined the historical writing of the Revolution of 1911 with the specific background of the Anti-Japanese War and the War of Liberation in the period of Yan’an,summarized the experiences and lessons of the Revolution of 1911,and tried to effectively safeguard the proposition of the anti-Japanese national united front of the Communist Party of China,so as to unite and defeat the Japanese invaders with united forces.Besides,they strongly expounded that the Communist Party of China was the real successor and developer of the cause of the Revolution of 1911,and the theory of new democratic revolution was the real inheritance and development of Sun Yat-Sen’s new Three People’s Principles.They effectively exposed the false Three People’s Principles of Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang reactionaries,revealed its essence of anti-communism and fooling the people,and refuted the wrong historical views of Jiang Tingfu and others,which were in the service of the Kuomintang regime and Chiang Kai-shek.The historical writing of the Revolution of 1911 by Marxist historians has played an important educational role for people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China to understand the nature of modern China’s semicolonial and semifeudal society,the nature of imperialism and its agents in China,the unfinished cause of the Revolution of 1911,and the tasks of this revolution.