货币品质、货币等级与金融体系的政治经济学分析

A Political Economy Analysis on the Quality of Money,Hierarchy of Money and Financial Systems

货币作为价值尺度和流通手段之间的潜在矛盾推动了货币形式的发展,并引发货币品质维护的新问题。通过聚集成金字塔型的等级结构,上层货币支撑着下层货币作为价值尺度的充分性,后者则更加灵活地适应商品流通和资本主义再生产的需要,同时导致再生产不顾消费界限而达到极度紧张和普遍投机。任何货币形式都不能解除货币关系的固有矛盾,信用货币的内生创造和货币金字塔的持续扩张,从而金融体系的过度膨胀,必然以追求更高品质货币、货币等级全面收缩、重建货币基础和价值基础为归宿。因此,商品流通和资本主义再生产始终面临货币价值尺度和流通手段、内在价值和交换价值,以及货币基础与金融体系之间矛盾的约束,尽管货币当局可以规训货币金融体系,并在危机时施以援手,但它无法消除危机。

The contradiction between the two basic functions of money,which are measure of values and means of circulation,leads to the development of forms of money and raises a new problem of maintaining the quality of money.Through the monetary pyramid,money in the upper layer sustains the adequacy of money as measure of values in the lower layer,while the latter can adapt to the needs of circulation of commodities and reproduction of capitalism more flexibly,which may cause great tension and massive speculation irrespective of the limits of consumption.Any form of money cannot eliminate the inherent contradiction of monetary relations.The endogenous creation of credit money and continuous expansion of monetary pyramid and financial system will ultimately boil down to pursuing money of higher quality,shrinking the pyramid of money,and returning to the monetary basis and the value basis.Thus,the circulation of commodities and reproduction of capitalism always face the constraints between money as measure of values and money as means of circulation,between embodied value and exchange value,and between financial system and its monetary basis.Although the monetary authorities can discipline the monetary and financial system and intervene during crisis,they cannot eliminate any crisis.