数字资本主义视域下的价值增殖研究——基于西方数字资本主义价值生产研究的思考

Studies on Surplus Value Production under Digital Capitalism:Based on Reflection of Western Studies of Digital Capitalism’s Value Production

随着西方数字平台经济的兴起,西方学者围绕“受众劳动价值论”与“情感价值论”对数字资本主义下的价值增殖展开论争,却忽视了数字资本主义经济作为一种新的商业模式而非新的价值生产方式的实质。数字资本主义经济在“免费”“互惠”的表象下,掩盖了其凭借平台租金、数据商品售卖获利的“交叉补贴”特征,以及数字资本主义利润转嫁和在全社会范围瓜分利润的新特征。因此,以流通领域而非生产领域为利润主要来源的数字资本主义经济,本质上不过是对生产部门工人所生产剩余价值的分割。数字资本主义经济的获利方式,离不开20世纪西方从“生产型”经济向“消费型”经济的转变,但带来了垄断、“杀熟”、逆向商品拜物教、数字异化、社交关系与社会活动的商品化等不利方面。探究数字资本主义下的价值增殖,旨在趋利避害,发挥社会主义制度的优越性,繁荣我国的数字经济。

With the uprising of the digital platform economy in the west,a controversy arises among Western scholars in terms of surplus value production under digital capitalism,which centers on an argument between“audience labor creating value”and“affect-based law of value”.The controversy ignores the fact that the digital economy essentially plays as a new business model rather than a new production mode.Under digital capitalism,economy takes a cover of“free”and“reciprocal”economy appearance,concealing its“cross-subsidiary”characteristics of profiting from platform rents and the sale of data commodities and new features of profit transfer and profit distribution throughout the whole society.Under digital capitalist economy,profits mainly arise from circulation process rather than production process,essentially resulting from taking away of the surplus value produced by workers in the production sector.The approaches of profit-making under the digital capitalist economy are dependent upon the western economy transformation from“production-orientation”to“consumption-orientation”in the 20th century.However,it brings negative effects,including monopoly,big data discriminatory pricing,reverse commodity fetishism,digital alienation,and commercialization of social interaction and social relations.The purpose of exploring the surplus value production under digital capitalism is to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages and make full use of advantages of the socialist system to prosper the development of digital economy in China.