全面抗战时期国民政府铁路军运力的减弱及应对

On the Weakening of Railway Military Transport Capacity of the National Government in the Period of Total War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and Its Coping Measures

全面抗战时期,铁路被纳入战时轨道,军事运输成了战时铁路运输的首要任务。随着日军对铁路线的轰炸和占领,国民政府管控的铁路线里程大幅减少,铁路抗战军运能力日渐减弱。为了增强铁路军运效力,国民政府采取了一系列措施,如成立铁道运输司令部,增设调度所和军事运输管理机构,强化联合运输机制,提升铁路与军队协同作战能力,以及加强对铁路员工抗战动员和人事策励等。铁路军事运输虽受到战争影响,其运输能力较抗战前期有所减弱,但在国民政府积极应对和铁路员工的艰苦奋斗下,铁路军事运输为抗战做出了较为重要的贡献。

During the period of Total War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,railway was brought into the wartime track,and military transportation became the primary task of wartime railway transportation.With the implementation of the Japanese aggressive policy of concentrated bombing and occupying railway lines,the mileage of railway lines controlled by the National Government was greatly reduced,and in consequence its railway military transport capacity was gradually weakened.In order to enhance the effectiveness of railway military transport,the Nationalist Government took a series of measures,such as setting up railway transport headquarters,adding dispatching offices and military transport management agencies,strengthening the joint transport mechanism,enhancing the ability of cooperation between railway and army in battle,and strengthening the mobilization of railway workers and the personnel encouragement mechanism.Although the railway military transportation was affected by the war,it made important contributions to the Anti-Japanese War via the positive coping of the National Government and the hard struggle of railway workers.