大安全观:超大型城市应急管理的理论构建——来自深圳的应急管理实践

Theoretical Construction of the Emergency Management in the Holistic Security View for Megacities——Based on the Practical Cases of Emergency Management in Shenzhen

超大型城市治理具有高度的复杂性,统筹发展和安全的实践要求至关重要。深圳市应急管理工作立足新时代城市安全发展的新形势和新使命,坚持以人为本的中心思想,通过理念与路径的创新,开展全生命周期数字赋能的应急管理实践,将应急管理工作实践落实到充分保障人和物的安全、保障社会组织的安全和保障网络安全上,创造性地将总书记提出的总体国家安全观,在城市域内延伸为包括物理空间安全、社会空间安全、数字空间安全在内的大安全观。物理空间、社会空间、数字空间安全的本质分别是本体安全、组织安全和数据安全,服务于城市安全保障工作从静态到动态、从传统到智慧化的转变,这自广义安全论出发,形成了更为全面和整体化的安全工作思路。建立城市应急管理的大安全观是深圳实践对其他省市的经验借鉴,更是对总体国家安全观的理论发展贡献。

The objective of this paper is to build up the theory of a holistic security view for megacities which based on the practical experience of full cycle emergency management with full coverage of time and space in Shenzhen.This paper adopts a single case study method,and tries to summarize the theory through a very typical case.Through the combination of emergency management practice in Shenzhen and the three worlds theory,a holistic security view for megacities is established to have a dialogue with the risk society theory and develop the holistic view of national security.Through the innovation of concepts and paths,Shenzhen’s emergency management is implemented to ensure the safety and security of people and things,social organizations’security,and network security.The holistic view for national security has been creatively extended in the urban domain to a big safety and security concept,including physical space security,social space security,and digital space security.In the holistic security view of three words for megacities,physical space security is ontology security,social space security is organizational security,and digital space security is data security.Establishing the big safety and security concept of urban emergency management is the experience of Shenzhen’s practice for other provinces and cities,and it is also a theoretical development contribution to the holistic view of national security.The limitation of the study is that only on the basis of introducing the emergency management paths of other megacities,the typical case of Shenzhen is deeply analyzed.Although the case itself is typical and progressiveness,the theory based on Chinese practice established here is slightly insufficient in the diversification of cases.In other words,more case details of other cities may help to establish a more perfect theory.The article uses a new research paradigm,that is,a new academic writing method to extract theory from cases.This writing method not only helps to closely link practice with theory,but also helps to cast off the shackles of theory,so that the author can focus on the case itself.A holographic security view for megacities is established based on this method.This way can stimulate the author to think more and divergent thinking,and summarize the framework from practice.