口腔及肠道微生物与自身免疫性疾病的研究进展

Progress in research on oral and gut microbiology and autoimmune diseases

微生物在人类疾病中的作用不容忽视,这些微生物与人类共同进化,协同机体维持免疫和代谢功能。超过100万亿个共生微生物在人体各处定植,包括口腔、皮肤和胃肠道。口腔是人体微生物种类最丰富的地方之一,仅次于胃肠道。环境和功能上的差异使得口腔和肠道的常驻微生物群的组成基本不同,并在两个黏膜部位形成独特的微生态系统。新的证据表明,口腔和肠道微生物及其代谢产物为研究人类的反应机制打开了新的大门。更重要的是,它揭示了新的和潜在的治疗方法,包括粪菌移植、益生菌和益生元等,但是确切的作用机制仍不明确。作为一种有价值的治疗方法,值得我们进行更深入的研究。

The role of microorganisms in human disease cannot be ignored.These microbes have co-evolved with humans and work with body mechanisms to maintain immune and metabolic functions.More than 100 trillion symbiotic microorganisms constitutively colonize throughout the human body,including the oral cavity,the skin,and the gastrointestinal tract.The oral cavity harbors one of the most diverse and abundant microbial communities within the human body,second to the community that resides in the gastrointestinal tract.Environmental and functional differences render the composition of resident microbiota largely distinct between the mouth and the gut and lead to the development of unique microbial ecosystems in the 2 mucosal sites.New evidence suggests that oral and gut microbes and their metabolites open new doors for studying response mechanisms in humans.More importantly,it highlights new and potential therapeutic approaches,including fecal microbial transplantation,probiotics,and prebiotics.Nonetheless,the exact mechanism remains elusive.But as a valuable treatment,it deserves more in-depth study.