烟田节肢动物群落结构及多样性分析

Analysis on arthropod community structure and diversity in tobacco field

为明确烟田节肢动物物种组成及群落结构特点,给烟田害虫绿色防控及天敌保育提供基础资料,2019-2020年对贵州省惠水县代表性烟田节肢动物物种组成及其群落结构开展调查分析。田间调查采用目测法、网捕法和陷阱法,数据分析采用物种累积曲线法,并比较多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势集中性指数的差异及其随时间变化的规律。结果表明,惠水县烟田有节肢动物83种,分属于2纲13目55科83种(昆虫纲12目50科77种,蛛形纲1目5科6种);其中烟草害虫19种,天敌18种,中性昆虫46种。烟草整个生长期中,斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)和烟蚜(Myzus persicae)危害严重,其他害虫零星发生。烟蚜茧蜂(Aphidius gifuensis)、棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂(Campoletis chlorideae)和异色瓢虫(Harmonia axyridis)是3种主要天敌昆虫,且在田间的发生数量表现出明显的跟随效应。多样性指数变化与烟田节肢动物种群的实际变化保持一致。在烟草旺长期至成熟初期,群落多样性最高,群落结构最稳定,是抵御外来干扰最强的时期。

The species composition and community structure characteristics of arthropods in tobacco field in Huishui County,Guizhou Province were investigated and analyzed in 2019-2020 to provide basic data for green pest control and natural enemy conservation in tobacco field.The field survey was conducted by visual method,net catching method and trap method,and the data analysis was conducted by psecies accumulation curve method.The differences of richness index,diversity index,evenness index and dominance concentration index and their changes with time were compared.Results showed that there were 83 arthropod species in the tobacco field,which belonged to 2 classes,13 orders and 55 families(77 species,50 families,12 orders of Insecta,and 6 species,5 families,1 order of Arachnida),including 19 pests,18 natural enemies and 46 neutral insects.Spodoptera litura and Myzus persicae cause serious damage during the whole growth period of tobacco,and other pests occurred sporadically.Aphidius gifuensis,Campoletis chlorideae and Harmonia axyridis are three major natural enemies,and the number of occurrence in the field showed obvious following effect.The change of diversity index was consistent with the actual change of arthropod population in tobacco field.From the prosperous period to the early mature period of tobacco,the community diversity was the highest and the community structure was the most stable,which was the strongest period to resist external disturbance.