西域作家对元代文风的影响

The Influence of Western Region Writers on the Writing Style in the Yuan Dynasty

西域作家在元代的大量出现是蒙古人三次西征的结果。在13—14世纪,西域人追随蒙古人的征略步伐,东迁中土情形达到前所未有的鼎盛。在西域人“以中原为家”“不复回首故国”之后,他们炫于中国之文物,以读书入仕为乐途。正是有了大量西域人读书的社会基础,元代西域作家群体才有以形成。我们固然不能忽略西域人华化的重要意义,同时也应注意元代西域作家群体作为中原文坛一道特殊风景线,为多民族交融并存背景下元代文学“不工而工”的创作特质贡献了不同寻常的意义。比起“谨守绳尺”的中原作家,西域作家的创作如天骥摆脱馽羁,独有一份自得天趣的韵致;他们不以技法取胜,却善于模写,流丽清婉;并因为与时代风云变换关系最密且感触最深,从而在抒情场域层面极大地丰富了元代文坛乃至整个中国传统文学世界。

During the 13^(th)-14^(th) century,with the three Western expeditions of the Mongols,the eastwardmigration of people from the western regions reached an unprecedented peak.Under the background thatpeople in the western regions did as the Romans did and learned from China,the western region writers inthe Yuan Dynasty became a special scenic spot in the literary world of the Yuan Dynasty,which madeunusual significance to the creative characteristics of“it seeming not neat,but the actual artistic appealbeing strong”(不工而工)in the literature of the Yuan Dynasty under the background of multi-ethnicintegration and coexistence.Compared with the Central Plain writers who“obey rules and laws”(谨守绳尺),the creation of Western region writers is like a heavenly horse,which gets rid of the fetters and has aunique charm of self-satisfactory natural interest.They did not win by skills,but they were good atmodeling,beautiful and graceful.And because it had the closest and deepest relationship with thetransformation of the times,it greatly enriched the literary world of the Yuan Dynasty and even the entiretraditional Chinese literary world at the level of lyric theme and emotional field.