新中国成立初期突发事件的“舆情治理”——以察北鼠疫防控中的舆论宣传为例

"Public Opinion Management"in the Wake of Emergencies in the Early Stage of People’s Republic of China

“大疫大灾往往导致社会失序”,在突发公共卫生事件中加强舆论宣传工作至关重要。新中国成立之初,察北暴发严重的鼠疫疫情。党统一领导部署舆论宣传工作,设立专门应急宣传机构,统筹各种资源,运用形式多样、群众喜闻乐见的多种载体,宣传疫情防控形势、防疫知识和经验以及健康卫生的生活方式。这些措施不仅为有效控制疫情提供了有利条件,而且在全社会普及了卫生防疫知识,在很大程度上破除了社会上的封建迷信观念和陈规陋习,提高了全社会的卫生防疫意识。这一历史实践为新中国在突发事件中的“舆情治理”工作及机制积累了重要经验,也可为当前新冠肺炎疫情防控工作提供启示。

Severe plagues often lead to social disorder."It is of vital importance to strengthen publicity work during health emergencies.In the early stage of the People’s Republic of China,a serious plague outbreak broke out in Chabei.The CPC led the publicity campaign and established emergency publicity organizations to coordinate various resources.They used different tools that were popular with the masses to publicize epidemic prevention and control efforts,knowledge and experience,as well as healthy lifestyles.These measures not only provided favorable conditions for effective control of the epidemic,but also educated the public of the prevention knowledge throughout the country.To a large extent,they broke the feudal superstition and stereotypes and bad habits in the society,and improved the awareness of health and epidemic prevention in the whole society.This is one of the best practices of"public opinion governance"after the founding of the People’s Republic of China in emergencies,which could be inspirational for the current fight against Covid-19.