基于时间成本的瓶颈道路组合收费与出行方式选择均衡研究

Combined pricing of bottleneck road and mode choice equilibrium based on time cost

城市交通系统有多种出行模式,可为不同类型的通勤者提供出行服务.本文针对瓶颈道路和地铁线路并行的双模式交通系统,首先建立含两组异质通勤者的驾驶小汽车与乘坐地铁的出行模式选择均衡模型.模型中,地铁出行模式考虑边际成本票价和车厢内体触拥挤的影响,驾驶小汽车出行模式引入基于时间成本的系统最优动态收费和固定收费的组合收费策略.其次构建双模式系统总社会成本最小化模型和总收费收入最大化模型,并推导最优的组合收费策略.最后通过数值算例验证理论分析结果.研究结果表明,双模式交通系统在基于时间成本的系统最优动态收费的出行方式分担与无收费均衡下的出行方式分担相同.在组合收费下,提高瓶颈道路固定收费会使出行时间价值和车厢内体触拥挤成本高的通勤者更倾向于驾驶小汽车出行,而出行时间价值和车厢内体触拥挤成本低的通勤者倾向于选择地铁出行,并且,当组合收费中,固定收费部分增加时,此类通勤者的组合收费将降低.

There are a variety of travel modes in urban transport system which can provide travel services for different types of commuters.In this paper,firstly,the equilibrium model of the choice between driving car and taking subway with two groups of heterogeneous commuters is established in a dual-mode transport system with bottleneck roads and subway lines,and the modal split is given.In the model,the marginal cost-based subway fare and the impact of the physical contact congestion in carriage are considered in the subway travel mode,and the combination charging strategy of the system optimal dynamic charging based on the time cost and fixed toll are introduced in the car travel mode.Secondly,the optimal models of the total social cost and the total revenue of the dual-mode system are constructed,and the optimal combination charging strategies are deduced.Finally,a numerical example is given to verify the theoretical analysis results.The results show that the increase of fixed tolls on bottleneck roads makes commuters with high travel time value and physical contact congestion cost prefer to travel by car,while commuters with low travel time value and physical contact congestion cost tend to choose subway.