中山区域单中心流感病毒感染的流行病学特征

Epidemiological Characteristics of Single-Center Influenza Virus Infection in Zhongshan Area

目的:分析中山市区域单中心流感病毒感染情况,掌握流感病毒分布特征和流行情况,为流感防控提供科学依据。方法:回顾性分析中山市2017年6月-2019年5月中山市某医院流感样病例中的甲型流感、乙型流感病毒流行情况,描述其流行病学特征。结果:在2017年6月-2019年5月的流感样病例中,甲流、乙流阳性率分别为3.7%和1.0%;冬春季和夏季为流感高峰期,甲型流感较为多见,2019年夏季乙型流感高发;男女之间流感病毒感染率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);甲流在5~59岁中均高发,乙流在5~24岁中发病率较高。结论:流感的发病趋势与流感样病例大致相同,主要集中在冬春季和夏季;不同性别间发病率无差异;甲型流感普遍人群易感,乙型流感为青少年易感;流感具有抗原变异性,2019年为乙型流感发病高峰,关注气候变化有利于预防控制。

Objective:To analyze the infection of influenza virus in a single center of Zhongshan City,understand the distribution characteristics and prevalence of influenza virus,and provide scientific basis for influenza prevention and control.Methods:The prevalence of influenza A and B viruses in influenza-like cases in a hospital of Zhongshan City from June 2017 to May 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.The epidemiological characteristics were described.Results:Among the influenza-like cases from June2017 to May 2019,the positive rates of influenza A and B were 3.7%and 1.0%,respectively;the peaks of influenza were in winter-spring and summer,influenza A was relatively common,and influenza B was prevalent in summer 2019;there was no statistically significant difference in influenza virus infection rate between men and women(P>0.05);The incidence of influenza A was higher at the age of 5~59 years,and the incidence of influenza B was higher at the age of 5~24 years.Conclusion:The incidence trend of influenza is similar to that of influenza-like cases,mainly in winter-spring and summer;there is no difference in the incidence between different genders;influenza A is susceptible to the general population,and influenza B is susceptible to adolescents;influenza has an antigenic variability,and the incidence of influenza B peaks in 2019.Attention to climate change is beneficial for the prevention and control.