暗处的眼睛与耳朵——论《聊斋志异》中的“窥听”书写

Eyes and Ears in the Dark——A Study of“Peeping and Listening”Writing in Liaozhai Zhiyi

“窥听”书写的历史源远流长,在古代文学作品中具有多种表现形式和多样文学价值。《聊斋志异》是中国古代文言文短篇小说的巅峰之作,其中的“窥听”书写在步武前人的基础上又有了新发展。从叙事学角度观之,“窥听”书写在时空叙事、人物刻画、情节发展三方面具有多重作用。其所营造的审美情境与艺术氛围是创作者心灵世界对象化的显现,“双重窥听”的效果又可带给读者更好的审美体验与阅读想象。同时,《聊斋志异》的“窥听”书写根植于民间文学“偷窥”母题的叙述程式,成为蒲松龄书写人性欲望的窗口,真切地反映了当时的社会文化心理。

With a long history,“peeping and listening”writing has various forms of expression and literary value in ancient literary works.Liaozhai Zhiyi is the peak of ancient short stories in classical Chinese,in which the writing of“peeping and listening”has a new development on the basis of predecessors.From the perspective of narratology,“peeping and listening”writing plays multiple roles in space-time narration,character depiction and plot development.The aesthetic situation and artistic atmosphere created by “peeping and listening”writing are the manifestation of the author’s mind world objectification,and the effect of“double peeping and listening”can bring readers better aesthetic experience and reading imagination.At the same time,“peeping and listening”writing in Liaozhai Zhiyi is rooted in the narrative formula of “peeping”motif in folk literature,and becomes a window for Pu Songling to write about his human desires,which truly reflects the social and cultural psychology of that time.