2021年安徽省屠宰及流通环节禽群主要呼吸道病毒感染情况调查

Investigation on the Infection with Major Respiratory Viruses in Poultry during Slaughtering and Circulation in Anhui Province in 2021

为了解安徽省禽群呼吸道病毒感染情况,2021年3—11月从12个县(市、区)17个家禽屠宰点和1个农贸市场收集472份喉头气管组织样本,运用荧光定量RT-PCR方法,对诱发家禽呼吸道疾病的主要病毒性病原进行检测。结果显示:除未检出高致病性禽流感病毒(AIV-H5、AIV-H7)核酸阳性外,新城疫病毒(NDV)、禽传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、禽传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)、禽偏肺病毒(aMPV)均有核酸阳性被检出,平均阳性率分别为9.96%、27.54%、1.06%、5.51%;NDV、IBV、aMPV的春季阳性率高于其他季节,夏季检出病原种类最多;皖南、皖中和皖北区域均有NDV阳性被检出,皖南区域的IBV阳性率最高,皖南、皖中区域均检出aMPV阳性,而ILTV阳性仅在皖北区域被检出;鸡群中的NDV、IBV、ILTV、aMPV阳性率高于鸭群。病毒感染以单一感染为主,占比为86.89%;单一感染中,IBV单一感染占比最高,为66.67%;混合感染中,IBV+NDV和IBV+aMPV双重感染占比较高,分别为45.83%和50.00%,仅检出1份三重感染样本(NDV+IBV+aMPV)。结果表明:安徽省家禽禽流感防控效果较好,但存在不同程度的NDV、IBV、ILTV、aMPV流行,其中IBV最为严重,且这些病原存在一定的季节和区域流行特征。因此,安徽省不同区域应根据不同病原流行特点,采取各有侧重的防控策略,完善疫病监测机制,在重点区域和高发季节加强疫病防控。

In order to identify the infection with respiratory viruses in poultry in Anhui Province,from March to November 2021,472 samples of laryngeal and trachea tissues were collected from 17 poultry slaughterhouses and 1 farmers'market in 12 counties(cities/districts)to detect major pathogens leading to respiratory diseases by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR.The results showed that,except of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus(AIV-H5 and AIV-H7),Newcastle disease virus(NDV),infectious bronchitis virus(IBV),infectious laryngotracheitis virus(ILTV)and avian metapulmonary virus(aMPV)nucleic acids were all detected,with average positive rate of 9.96%,27.54%,1.06%and 5.51%,respectively.The positive rate of NDV,IBV and aMPV in spring were higher than that in other seasons,and most pathogens species were detected in summer.NDV positive was detected from southern Anhui,central Anhui and northern Anhui,the positive rate of IBV was highest in southern Anhui,aMPV was detected from southern Anhui and central Anhui,while ILTV only from northern Anhui;the positive rates of NDV,IBV,ILTV and aMPV in chickens were higher than those in ducks.Single infection was prominent,accounting for 86.89%,most of which was IBV infection,accounting for 66.67%;most mixed infection was the dual infection with IBV+NDV or IBV+aMPV,accounting for 45.83%and 50.00%,respectively,and only 1 sample with triple infection(NDV+IBV+aMPV)was detected.In conclusion,avian influenza(AI)in poultry was well prevented and controlled in Anhui Province,although NDV,IBV,ILTV and aMPV were prevalent to different extent,especially IBV,all of which were with certain characteristics of seasonal and regional prevalence.Therefore,the prevention and control strategies with different emphasis should be applied in different regions according to the prevalence characteristics of pathogens,so as to improve the monitoring mechanism,and strengthen the prevention and control of diseases in key regions and seasons with high incidence.