生物文化多样性视角下梅里雪山自然保护地藏族原住民社区治理的可持续发展研究

Study on Sustainable Development of Tibetan Villages in Meri Snow Mountain Aboriginal Community Governance from the Perspective of Biocultural Diversity

梅里雪山自然保护地内的藏族村落是在人与自然相互作用下可持续发展的典范。本文从藏族原住民社区治理的意识形态、文化行为、社会制度三个层面,探讨了生物文化多样性视角下藏族村落可持续发展的动因,并分析了由此形成的村落所具有的可持续特征,主要表现为浑然天成的村落选址与空间格局、有机进化的公共空间与村落巷道、蕴含生存智慧的民居建筑营造三个方面,论证了自然保护地的可持续发展以生物文化多样性视角下的“原住民社区治理”为基础。此外,依据梅里雪山自然保护地藏族村落的经验,对自然保护地保护与原住民乡村社区发展协同的可持续发展战略进行讨论。

The Tibetan villages in Meri Snow Mountain Nature Reserve Areas are models of sustainable development under the interaction between human and nature.This paper discusses the motivation for the sustainable development of Tibetan villages in three aspects of Tibetan indigenous and communities’ governance from the perspective of biocultural diversity,which is ideology-cultural behaviors-social system.Then it analyzed the sustainable characteristics of the human settlement environment of villages formed under this mechanism,which is mainly manifested in three aspects:natural village site selection and spatial pattern,organically evolved public space and roadway,and residential building construction with survival wisdom and local knowledge.It is proved that the sustainable development of Nature Reserve Areas is based on "Indigenous and community conserved areas’ governance" from the perspective of biological and cultural diversity.Besides,based on the experience of the Tibetan village in Meri Snow Mountain Nature Reserve Areas,this paper discusses the sustainable development strategy of the coordination between protecting of nature reserve areas and development of indigenous rural communities.