中国开发区空间格局演进特征及治理启示——以国家级开发区为例

Research on the Pattern Evolution and Governance Enlightenment of Development Zones in China: Taking the National Development Zones as an Example

作为改革开放的重要制度设计之一,中国的开发区历经近40年的发展,各级、各类开发区已经成为重要的对外开放和创新发展的空间载体。目前,国家层面对开发区的界定较为清晰,系统地关注各类国家级开发区的布局演进特征,有利于认识其作为地区发展增长极在国土空间格局优化发展中的重要作用。通过研究国家宏观开放发展战略与开发区实践的总体历程,分析五大类国家级开发区的空间分布和演进特征,发现开发区整体上受国家宏观政策的驱动,各类开发区在发展中存在功能和空间维度的互补关系;空间布局的演进特征反映了不同时期国家对外开放重心的变迁——从东部沿海地区向中西部地区全面展开;不同类型、不同发展阶段的开发区在发展中皆存在产业同质化倾向,亟须实现开发区功能的差异化发展和主导产业的协同发展。基于上述分析,本文对开发区提出了政策体系优化迭代、职能产业精准定位、区城融合功能转型等提升对策,可为新格局下的开发区规划与发展提供启示。

As one of the important system designs of economic reform and opening up,the practice of development zones in China has experienced nearly 40 years since 1984,and all kinds of development zones at all levels have become an important spatial platform for opening up and innovative development now.At present,the definition of development zones at the national level has been relatively clear.Paying systematic attention to the layout and evolution characteristics of various types of national development zones is conducive to understanding its important role as regional development growth pole in the optimization and development of China’s spatial pattern.Through analyzing the evolution of the distribution of the five main national development zones,and exploring the leading industry of them,it is found that:China’s development zones are driven by national macro policies,and each type of development zones have functional and spatial complementation in the process of opening up;the evolution of development zones’ spatial distribution reflects the focuschange of the national opening-up policy:from the eastern coastal areas to the central and western regions;there is a tendency of industrial homogenization in the development of development zones of different types and different development stages,so it is urgent to realize the functional differences of development zones and the coordination of leading industries.Based on the above analysis,this paper puts forward improvement countermeasures for the development zones,such as policy system optimization and iteration,accurate positioning of functional industries,district-city integration and functional transformation,which can provide enlightenment for the planning and development of the development zones under the new pattern in China.