手参化学成分、药理作用及临床应用研究进展

Research progress on chemical composition,pharmacological effect and clinical application status of palm ginseng

手参为兰科植物手参Gymnadenia conopsea(L.)R.Br.的块茎,为蒙药和藏药的常用药。该药始载于《四部医典》,其功效为填精补髓、增强体质、生津止渴、安神增智,主治神经衰弱、身体虚弱、慢性肝炎等病症。近年来研究者在手参中提取并鉴别出一百余种化学成分,发现其活性成分主要有天麻素、手参多糖以及糖苷类等,具有改善记忆、神经保护、抗痴呆和抗衰老等药理作用,尤其是在改善记忆力和神经保护等方面发挥重大作用,有学者统计在西藏自治区的4500余种传统处方中,手参出现了100余次,其中大部分用于增加阳气等,现代临床上主要用于男性生殖系统疾病、类风湿关节炎的治疗以及糖尿病肾病的辅助治疗。

Palm ginseng is the orchid plant Gymnadenia conopsea(L.)R.Br.The tubers are commonly used medicines for Mongolian medicine and Tibetan medicine.The drug was first recorded in the“The Four Medical Tantras”.It’s effects is to fill the essence and raise spirits,enhance the physique,quench thirst,calm the nerves and increase the intellect,main treat neurasthenia,physical weakness,chronic hepatitis and other diseases.In recent years,researchers have extracted and identified more than 100 kinds of chemical components in palm ginseng,and found that its active ingredients mainly include gastrodin,palm ginseng polysaccharides and glycosides,which have pharmacological effects such as improving memory,neuroprotective,anti-dementia and anti-aging,especially play a major role in improving memory and neuroprotection,and some scholars count 4500 in the tibet autonomous region among the remaining traditional prescriptions.Palm ginseng appears more than 100 times,most of which are used to increase yang qi,prolong life,and are mainly used in modern clinics for the treatment of male reproductive system diseases,rheumatoid arthritis and adjuvant treatment of diabetic nephropathy.