我国人工湿地的研究与应用进展及未来发展建议

Progress in Research and Applications of Constructed Wetlands in China and Suggestions for Future Development

作为水环境保护体系的重要角色,人工湿地在我国发展迅速,被广泛应用于多种类型污染水体治理。本文系统总结了人工湿地研究的发展现状和存在的主要问题,梳理了近年来国内外在人工湿地方向的研究进展、取得的主要成果及发展趋势。当前的研究热点和挑战聚焦在复杂环境下净化能力提升、水—气污染协同调控、生态服务价值提升,以及运行与管理优化等方面。结合国际学术前沿与热点,以及国家生态文明建设和国际履约能力提升等重大战略需求,提出未来应聚焦人工湿地植物与微生物功能群对环境胁迫的响应机制、关键元素生物地球化学过程、多种生态服务功能提升与价值估算等关键科学与技术问题,强化多学科交叉,利用多种手段开展系统性研究,为我国人工湿地领域发展提供坚实的科学和实践依据。

As an important component of the water environmental protection system, constructed wetlands have developed rapidly in China and are widely applied in the treatment of various types of wastewater. This manuscript reviews the development status and the shortcomings of constructed wetlands in China, and summarizes the progress of research, achievements and trends of development at home and abroad. The current research hotspots and challenges mainly include the enhancement of purification capacity in complex environmental conditions, the simultaneous removal of pollutants and reduction of harmful gases, the improvement of ecological service values and the optimization of operation and management, etc. Based on the academic frontiers and hotspots, as well as the major strategic needs in sustainable ecology and international compliance capacity, we highlight that future studies should focus on key science and technology issues including the response mechanisms of wetland plants and microorganisms to various environmental stresses, the biogeochemical processes of key elements, the improvement of multiple ecological functions and the assessment of ecological service values, etc. Strengthening multi-disciplinarity and taking advantage of multiple tools are recommended for implementing systematic research, thereby providing solid scientific and practical support for the development of constructed wetlands in China.