安全、武力与自助:以色列的国家安全研究

Security,Force,and Self-Help:National Security Studies in Israel

国家安全始终是以色列政治的核心议题。虽然以色列没有成文的国家安全战略,却在实践中践行安全至上的国家安全原则。在研究议题上,以色列的国家安全研究过于注重战争与冲突等传统安全议题,由此导致以色列这一案例在偏好非传统安全议题的“安全化”理论研究中的相对匮乏。而以色列的案例却可以为“安全化”理论的深入发展提供新的方向。在国家安全政策制定上,以色列的案例表现出高度的非正式性、灵活性、务实性、流动性、透明性和军方主导性等特点。在研究方法和平台上,以色列的国家安全研究更侧重于定性研究,高校和智库是其国家安全研究的主要平台。以色列的国家安全研究受到其独特的地缘政治环境和国家安全文化的共同影响,为研究极端情况下的国家安全提供了参考。

National security has always been the core issue in Israeli politics.Although Israel has no written national security strategy,it practices the principle of security supremacy.Regarding research topics,Israel’s national security studies focus heavily on traditional security topics such as war and conflict,which explains why Israel is largely overlooked in securitization studies that prefers non-traditional security topics.The case of Israel,however,can provide a new direction for further development of the“securitization”theory.In the formulation of national security policy,the Israeli case shows a high degree of informality,flexibility,pragmatism,mobility,transparency,and military dominance.In terms of research methods and platforms,Israel’s national security studies focuses more on qualitative research.Universities and think tanks are the main platforms for Israel’s national security studies.Israel’s national security studies are influenced by its unique geopolitical environment and national security culture,which provides a reference for studying national security in extreme situations.