麦卡锡主义语境下垮掉派文学电影改编策略

Adaptation Strategies of the Beats’ Writings in the Context of McCarthyism

20世纪50年代,“垮掉的一代”文学与文化运动在麦卡锡主义横行美国之际勃然兴起。在麦卡锡主义语境中,垮掉派文学有着一种绝不同流合污的背反性精神诉求。为了中和垮掉派文学所特有的反叛精神,好莱坞影视改编采取的是同化性收编策略。而美国新电影小组则采用直接呈现的策略,倡导消解麦卡锡主义话语霸权,进而打造凸显那些受到美国当局打压的边缘人群另类而真切的生命体验的独立电影。垮掉派这种绝不同流合污的背反精神,业已成为20世纪六七十年代美国各项背反运动不断回望的主要精神遗产。

When McCarthyism prevailed in the United States in the 1950s,the literary and cultural movement of the “Beat Generation” sprang up.In the context of McCarthyism,the Beat writings have a kind of rebellious spiritual appeal.In order to neutralize the rebellious spirit of Beat literature,adaptations of Hollywood films and televisions adapted a strategy of assimilation.However,the New Film Group of the United States had adapted the strategy of direct presentation,advocating the elimination of McCarthyism discourse hegemony so as to create an independent film that highlights the different but real-life experience of the marginalized people who have been strongly suppressed.The Beats’ rebellious spiritual appeal has become a major spiritual heritage which various subsequent rebellious movements in the 1960s and 1970s have looked back and followed.