欧阳修祭文“拟韩”与“变韩”考论

A Research of Ouyang Xiu’s Funeral Oration about Imitating and Sublating Han Yu

欧阳修推崇韩愈,文章写作也多拟韩文。在祭文创作过程中,欧阳修常循韩愈祭文之步骤法度,将韩愈文中重叹唱、用偶、发诘问等特点悉数运用到自己的祭文创作中。欧阳修也并非一味地摹拟韩文,他始终秉持着扬弃的态度来学习和摹拟韩文,形成了自己的创作范式。相对而言,欧阳修祭文的散文化程度高于韩愈,唱叹力度也远大于韩愈。欧阳修祭文讲究平易叙事,简记逝者大节,对于韩愈祭文中的繁琐叙事、奇崛用语,一尽弃改。究其原因,主要有二:一是欧阳修受尹洙“简而有法”古文创作风格的影响;二是欧阳修有自己独特的创作理论。

Ouyang Xiu highly praised Han Yu,and his writing mostly imitated Han Yu.In the process of creating funeral oration,Ouyang Xiu often followed the steps of Hanyu’s sacrificial writing,and applied the characteristics of Hanyu’s funeral oration,such as chanting,wandering and questioning,to his own sacrificial writing.Ouyang Xiu did not blindly imitate Han Yu.He always studied and imitated Han Yu’s sacrificial rites with the attitude of sublating and discarding,and formed his own creative paradigm.Relatively speaking,Ouyang Xiu’s prose is more prosaic than Han Yu’s,and the intensity of singing is far greater than Han Yu’s.Ouyang Xiu pays attention to the plain narration in his sacrificial writings,briefly remembers the great festival of the dead,and abandons the complicated narration and strange expressions in Han Yu’s sacrificial writings.There are two reasons for this:one one hand,Ouyang Xiu was influenced by Yin Zhu’s creative style of “simple but regular”;on the other hand,Ouyang Xiu has his own unique creative theory.