宋代咏鹤文学书写与士人心态--以鹤赋为中心

Ode to Crane and and Scholars’Mentality in Song Dynasty

宋代养鹤之风盛行,士人与鹤的关系更为紧密,出现了较多咏鹤诗文,其中包括5篇鹤赋,分别为吴淑《鹤赋》、李洪《双鹤赋》、秦观《叹二鹤赋》、刘克庄《吊小鹤赋》及方回《吊鹤赋》。与前代相比,宋代鹤赋呈现出一定的独特性,从宋代鹤赋的写作倾向、鹤形象的塑造及鹤所体现的文化内涵三方面,可以发现宋人偏好鹤遗世独立的“仙禽”特质,背后反映了宋代士人对公与私、仕与隐的矛盾与调和,而鹤承载的正是宋人对闲适隐逸生活的企慕与向往。

Raising cranes prevailed in the Song Dynasty,and the relationship between scholars and cranes was more closely.There were more poems and articles on cranes,including five pieces of odes to crane,namely Wu Shu’s Crane Ode,Li Hong’s Shuanghe Ode,Qin Guan’s Tan Er He Ode,Liu Kezhuang’Diao Xiao He Ode and Fang Hui’s Diao He Ode.Compared with the previous dynasties,the crane ode in the Song Dynasty presents certain uniqueness and has deep cultural implication.From the writing tendency,the shape of the crane image and the cultural connotation embodied by the crane of the ode in the Song Dynasty,it can be found that the people in that dynasty preferred the undisturbed and independent characteristics of crane as a“immortal bird”,which reflected the contradiction and reconciliation between the public and private,official and seclusion of the scholars in the Song Dynasty.What the crane carried was the admiration and yearning of the people for the leisure and seclusion life.