美国“长臂管辖”与全球经济治理

American Long-Arm Jurisdiction and Global Economic Governance

第二次世界大战结束以来,国际社会在美国引领下开启全球经济治理进程,并随着全球化加速而进一步发展。然而,既往这些全球经济治理成果始终与美国霸权相绑定,美国从思想、立法、结盟、武力与货币等多方面赋予自身在关键时刻进行“长臂管辖”的能力。伴随着美国霸权衰落,新兴经济体话语权上升,美国为护持霸权,倚仗上述既有优势,大肆开展“长臂管辖”,严重挑战全球经济治理所依赖的平等共识、规则制度、政府间合作、各方互利关系。以欧洲主要经济大国为代表的一些国家也因此对美国“长臂管辖”予以反制,但效果不佳。中美战略竞争、俄乌冲突等重大事件再度凸显美国在国际经济领域“长臂管辖”的威力与危害,中国有必要将坚决反对美国“长臂管辖”与推进全球经济治理改革相结合,提升战略认知水平,关注全球经济治理变革的历史必然性与客观限度,同时加强多方政治互信,推进制度型改革开放,在金融等领域寻求国际社会最大限度的改革认同。

Since the end of World War II,the international society has started the process of global economic governance under the leadership of the United States.It has further developed with the acceleration of globalization.However,these achievements of global economic governance have always been bounded to the hegemony of the United States.The U.S.has endowed itself with the ability to exercise"long-arm jurisdiction"at critical moments regarding ideas,legislation,alliances,force,and currency.With the decline of U.S.hegemony and the rising of new economies,the U.S.has relied on the advantages mentioned above and aggressively launched the"long-arm jurisdiction"operation.Those actions seriously challenged the consensus on equality,rules and regimes,intergovernmental cooperation,and mutually beneficial relations among all parties on which global economic governance depends.A number of countries,represented by the major European economic powers,have counteracted the"long-arm jurisdiction"of the United States,but to no avail.The China-U.S.strategic competition and the Russia-Ukraine conflict have highlighted the power and danger of the U.S."long-arm jurisdiction"over the international economy.China must combine its resolute opposition to the U.S."long-arm jurisdiction"with the promotion of global economic governance reform,raise its strategic awareness,and pay attention to the historical inevitability and objective limits of global economic governance change.Also,China needs to strengthen political trust among multiple parties,promote institutional reform and opening up,and seek maximum reform consensus from the international community in financial and other fields.