N^(6)-甲基腺嘌呤甲基化在人类恶性肿瘤中的研究进展

Research Progress of N^(6)-methyladenine Methylation in Human Malignant Tumors

N^(6)-甲基腺嘌呤(m^(6)A)与人类恶性肿瘤的发生、发展、防治和预后评价有密切联系,随着研究的进一步深入,学者逐渐认识到m^(6)A是由甲基转移酶合成组装、去甲基化酶可逆性去除并被读取蛋白结合的化学结构。m^(6)A甲基化是最普遍、最丰富和最保守的RNA内转录修饰之一,可以调节RNA代谢,包括翻译、剪接、核输出、降解和微RNA的加工处理,因此m^(6)A甲基化修饰可以调控基因的表达。m^(6)A的甲基化修饰在某些肿瘤中具有致癌作用,而在其他肿瘤中则抑制了肿瘤,且同一肿瘤的相同甲基化修饰因研究者不同所得的结论也不一致,因此仍需更多的基础和临床试验研究进一步论证。未来,人类恶性肿瘤中m^(6)A RNA甲基化修饰的相关研究将为发现新的肿瘤标志物提供新思路。

N^(6)-methyladenine(m^(6)A)is closely related to the occurrence,development,prevention and treatment of human malignant tumors,as well as prognosis evaluation.With the further study,the scholars gradually recognized that m^(6)A is a chemical structure synthesized and assembled by methyltransferase,reversely removed by demethylase and bound by the reading protein.m^(6)A methylation is one of the most common,abundant,and conserved intra RNA transcriptional modifications that regulate RNA metabolism,including translation,splicing,nuclear output,degradation,and microRNA processing,therefore regulate gene expresssion.The methylation of m^(6)A is carcinogenic in some tumors,while inhibiting tumorization in others.And the same methylation in the same tumor has been shown to have inconsistent conclusions by different researchers,so more basic and clinical studies are needed for further demonstration.In the future,studies on m^(6)A RNA methylation modification in human malignant tumors will provide new ideas and perspectives for the discovery of new tumor markers.